मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-49, verse-34
ततो द्वन्द्वान्यजायन्ते शीतोष्णक्षुन्मुखानि वै ।
तास्तद्द्वन्द्वोपघातार्थं चक्रुः पूर्वं पुराणि तु ॥३४॥
तास्तद्द्वन्द्वोपघातार्थं चक्रुः पूर्वं पुराणि तु ॥३४॥
34. tato dvandvānyajāyante śītoṣṇakṣunmukhāni vai .
tāstaddvandvopaghātārthaṃ cakruḥ pūrvaṃ purāṇi tu.
tāstaddvandvopaghātārthaṃ cakruḥ pūrvaṃ purāṇi tu.
34.
tataḥ dvandvāni ajāyante śītoṣṇakṣunmukhāni vai tāḥ
tat dvandva upaghātārthaṃ cakruḥ pūrvaṃ purāṇi tu
tat dvandva upaghātārthaṃ cakruḥ pūrvaṃ purāṇi tu
34.
Then indeed arose pairs of opposites such as cold, heat, and hunger. Therefore, to overcome the harm caused by those dualities, they previously built fortified settlements.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that
- द्वन्द्वानि (dvandvāni) - dualities, pairs of opposites, couples
- अजायन्ते (ajāyante) - they were born, they arose
- शीतोष्णक्षुन्मुखानि (śītoṣṇakṣunmukhāni) - beginning with cold, heat, and hunger; headed by cold, heat, and hunger
- वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily
- ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the beings who built settlements (they (feminine))
- तत् (tat) - referring to the dualities (dvandvāni) (those)
- द्वन्द्व (dvandva) - duality, pair of opposites
- उपघातार्थं (upaghātārthaṁ) - for the sake of overcoming, for warding off harm, for protection against injury
- चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did, they built
- पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - previously, formerly
- पुराणि (purāṇi) - cities, towns, fortified places, dwellings
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, moreover, and
Words meanings and morphology
ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that
(indeclinable)
द्वन्द्वानि (dvandvāni) - dualities, pairs of opposites, couples
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of dvandva
dvandva - pair, couple, duality, contradiction
अजायन्ते (ajāyante) - they were born, they arose
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of jan
Root: jan (class 4)
शीतोष्णक्षुन्मुखानि (śītoṣṇakṣunmukhāni) - beginning with cold, heat, and hunger; headed by cold, heat, and hunger
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, plural of śītoṣṇakṣunmukha
śītoṣṇakṣunmukha - cold, heat, hunger, etc.
Compound type : Dvandva/Tatpuruṣa (śīta+uṣṇa+kṣut+mukha)
- śīta – cold, cool; winter
adjective (neuter) - uṣṇa – hot, heat; summer
adjective (neuter) - kṣut – hunger, appetite
noun (feminine) - mukha – mouth, face, beginning, principal; headed by, etc.
noun (neuter)
वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily
(indeclinable)
ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the beings who built settlements (they (feminine))
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
तत् (tat) - referring to the dualities (dvandvāni) (those)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'dvandva' in the compound 'dvandvopaghātārthaṃ'.
द्वन्द्व (dvandva) - duality, pair of opposites
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dvandva
dvandva - pair, couple, duality, contradiction
Note: Part of the compound 'dvandvopaghātārthaṃ'. Here, singular is used generically or as a component in the compound, referring to the class of dualities.
उपघातार्थं (upaghātārthaṁ) - for the sake of overcoming, for warding off harm, for protection against injury
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of upaghātārtha
upaghātārtha - for the purpose of injury, for destruction; for warding off harm
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (upaghāta+artha)
- upaghāta – harm, injury, destruction
noun (masculine)
Noun derived from root han with prefix upa
Prefix: upa
Root: han (class 2) - artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, object
noun (masculine)
चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did, they built
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - previously, formerly
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverbial use of accusative singular neuter.
पुराणि (purāṇi) - cities, towns, fortified places, dwellings
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of pura
pura - city, town, stronghold, dwelling
तु (tu) - but, indeed, moreover, and
(indeclinable)