महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-35, verse-48

सौबलं कृतवर्माणं द्रौणिमाधिरथिं कृपम् ।
संसक्तान्पाण्डवैर्दृष्ट्वा निवृत्ताः कुरवः पुनः ॥४८॥

48. saubalaṁ kṛtavarmāṇaṁ drauṇimādhirathiṁ kṛpam ,
saṁsaktānpāṇḍavairdṛṣṭvā nivṛttāḥ kuravaḥ punaḥ.

48. saubalam kṛtavarmāṇam drauṇim ādhiraṭhim kṛpam
saṃsaktān pāṇḍavaiḥ dṛṣṭvā nivṛttāḥ kuravaḥ punaḥ

48. kuravaḥ punaḥ dṛṣṭvā saubalam kṛtavarmāṇam drauṇim
ādhiraṭhim kṛpam pāṇḍavaiḥ saṃsaktān nivṛttāḥ

48. Upon seeing Saubala (Śakuni), Kṛtavarman, Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman), Adhirathi (Vṛṣasena), and Kṛpa engaged in battle with the Pāṇḍavas, the Kurus again turned back.

Words meanings summery:

• सौबलम् (saubalam) - Śakuni, son of Subala (Saubala, son of Subala)

• कृतवर्माणम् (kṛtavarmāṇam) - Kṛtavarman

• द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Aśvatthāman, son of Droṇa (Drauṇi, son of Droṇa)

• आधिरठिम् (ādhiraṭhim) - Vṛṣasena (son of Karṇa, who was raised by Adhiratha) (son of Adhiratha)

• कृपम् (kṛpam) - Kṛpa

• संसक्तान् (saṁsaktān) - engaged in battle (engaged, attached, involved (in battle))

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas, with the Pāṇḍavas

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• निवृत्ताः (nivṛttāḥ) - retreated (turned back, retreated, ceased)

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus, descendants of Kuru

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, moreover, but)

Words meanings and morphology

सौबलम् (saubalam) - Śakuni, son of Subala (Saubala, son of Subala)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala (Śakuni)

Derived from Subala (name of his father).

कृतवर्माणम् (kṛtavarmāṇam) - Kṛtavarman

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtavarman

kṛtavarman - Kṛtavarman (a warrior from the Vṛṣṇi clan, ally of the Kauravas)

द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Aśvatthāman, son of Droṇa (Drauṇi, son of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - Drauṇi (son of Droṇa, i.e., Aśvatthāman)

Derived from Droṇa (name of his father).

आधिरठिम् (ādhiraṭhim) - Vṛṣasena (son of Karṇa, who was raised by Adhiratha) (son of Adhiratha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ādhiraṭhi

ādhiraṭhi - son of Adhiratha

Derived from Adhiratha (the charioteer who raised Karṇa). Here refers to Vṛṣasena, Karṇa's son.

कृपम् (kṛpam) - Kṛpa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (a respected sage and warrior, preceptor of the Kurus and Pāṇḍavas)

संसक्तान् (saṁsaktān) - engaged in battle (engaged, attached, involved (in battle))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃsakta

saṁsakta - attached, engaged, clinging, adhering, fixed upon

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √sañj (to cling, adhere) with the prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Modifies the named warriors.

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas, with the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

Derived from Pāṇḍu (the father of the five Pāṇḍava brothers).

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive form of the root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निवृत्ताः (nivṛttāḥ) - retreated (turned back, retreated, ceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, retreated, ceased, stopped

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √vṛt (to turn, exist) with the prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus, descendants of Kuru

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (an ancient king, also refers to his descendants, especially the Kauravas)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, moreover, but)

(indeclinable)