महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-35, verse-43

भीमसेनरथव्यग्रं कर्णं भारत सात्यकिः ।
अभ्यर्दयदमेयात्मा पार्ष्णिग्रहणकारणात् ।
अभ्यवर्तत कर्णस्तमर्दितोऽपि शरैर्भृशम् ॥४३॥

43. bhīmasenarathavyagraṁ karṇaṁ bhārata sātyakiḥ ,
abhyardayadameyātmā pārṣṇigrahaṇakāraṇāt ,
abhyavartata karṇastamardito'pi śarairbhṛśam.

43. bhīmasenarathavyagraṃ karṇaṃ bhārata
sātyakiḥ abhyardayat ameyātmā
pārṣṇigrahaṇakāraṇāt abhyavartata
karṇaḥ tam arditaḥ api śaraiḥ bhṛśam

43. bhārata,
ameyātmā sātyakiḥ bhīmasenarathavyagraṃ karṇaṃ pārṣṇigrahaṇakāraṇāt abhyardayat.
karṇaḥ tam śaraiḥ bhṛśam arditaḥ api abhyavartata.

43. O Bhārata, Satyaki, whose spirit (ātman) was immeasurable, attacked Karna, who was busy with Bhimasena's chariot, from the rear. Even though greatly afflicted by arrows, Karna fiercely turned back towards him.

Words meanings summery:

• भीमसेनरथव्यग्रं (bhīmasenarathavyagraṁ) - engaged with Bhimasena's chariot (absorbed in Bhimasena's chariot, busy with Bhimasena's chariot)

• कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - Karna

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhritarashtra (the blind king, narrator of the events to Sanjaya) (O descendant of Bharata)

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Satyaki

• अभ्यर्दयत् (abhyardayat) - attacked (harassed, attacked, oppressed)

• अमेयात्मा (ameyātmā) - whose spirit (ātman) was immeasurable (immeasurable-souled, whose nature (ātman) is immeasurable)

• पार्ष्णिग्रहणकारणात् (pārṣṇigrahaṇakāraṇāt) - for the purpose of attacking from the rear (for the reason of attacking from the rear/harassing)

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - turned back towards (him) (turned towards, faced, turned around)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• तम् (tam) - him (Satyaki) (him, that)

• अर्दितः (arditaḥ) - afflicted (harassed, afflicted, distressed)

• अपि (api) - even though, although (also, even, although)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows (with arrows)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, fiercely (greatly, exceedingly, fiercely)

Words meanings and morphology

भीमसेनरथव्यग्रं (bhīmasenarathavyagraṁ) - engaged with Bhimasena's chariot (absorbed in Bhimasena's chariot, busy with Bhimasena's chariot)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasenarathavyagra

bhīmasenarathavyagra - absorbed in Bhimasena's chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīmasena+ratha+vyagra)

• bhīmasena – Bhima's army (or Bhima as a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vyagra – agitated, perplexed, busy, absorbed
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'vi' + 'agra' (foremost) or 'vyāgṛ' (to be busy)
  Prefix: vi

Note: Qualifies 'karṇaṃ'.

कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; a proper name (Karna)

Note: Object of 'abhyardayat'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhritarashtra (the blind king, narrator of the events to Sanjaya) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Patronymic from 'Bharata'

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Satyaki

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - a proper name (Satyaki), a Yadu warrior

Note: Subject of 'abhyardayat'.

अभ्यर्दयत् (abhyardayat) - attacked (harassed, attacked, oppressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of abhyardayat

Imperfect Active

From root 'ard' (class 1, 10) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā'

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: ard (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'ā' is absorbed in the root form (ārd).

अमेयात्मा (ameyātmā) - whose spirit (ātman) was immeasurable (immeasurable-souled, whose nature (ātman) is immeasurable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ameyātman

ameyātman - whose soul/spirit (ātman) is immeasurable, of immeasurable self

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ameya+ātman)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• meya – measurable, to be measured
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root 'mā' (to measure) + 'ya'
  Root: mā (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual (ātman), essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'sātyakiḥ'.

पार्ष्णिग्रहणकारणात् (pārṣṇigrahaṇakāraṇāt) - for the purpose of attacking from the rear (for the reason of attacking from the rear/harassing)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pārṣṇigrahaṇakāraṇa

pārṣṇigrahaṇakāraṇa - reason for attacking the rear, act of attacking from behind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārṣṇigrahaṇa+kāraṇa)

• pārṣṇigrahaṇa – attacking the rear, seizing the heel
  noun (neuter)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates cause/reason.

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - turned back towards (him) (turned towards, faced, turned around)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of abhyavartata

Imperfect Middle

From root 'vṛt' (class 1) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ava'

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; a proper name (Karna)

Note: Subject of 'abhyavartata'.

तम् (tam) - him (Satyaki) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Satyaki.

अर्दितः (arditaḥ) - afflicted (harassed, afflicted, distressed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ardita

ardita - harassed, afflicted, pained, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ard' (to hurt, harass)

Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'karṇaḥ'.

अपि (api) - even though, although (also, even, although)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with participle 'arditaḥ' to form a concessive clause.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows (with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Indicates agency for 'arditaḥ'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, fiercely (greatly, exceedingly, fiercely)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of neuter singular adjective

Note: Modifies 'arditaḥ' and 'abhyavartata'.