महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-35, verse-39

कर्णोऽपि समरे राजन्धर्मपुत्रमरिंदमम् ।
शरैः प्रच्छादयामास सारथिं चाप्यपातयत् ॥३९॥

39. karṇo'pi samare rājandharmaputramariṁdamam ,
śaraiḥ pracchādayāmāsa sārathiṁ cāpyapātayat.

39. karṇaḥ api samare rājan dharmaputram ariṃdamam
śaraiḥ pracchādayāmāsa sārathim ca api apātayat

39. rājan karṇaḥ api samare ariṃdamam dharmaputram
śaraiḥ pracchādayāmāsa ca sārathim api apātayat

39. O King, Karṇa too, in that battle, completely covered the son of natural law (dharma) (Yudhiṣṭhira), the subduer of enemies, with arrows, and also struck down his charioteer.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• राजन् (rājan) - Vocative, addressing the listener (e.g., Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Sañjaya). (O king)

• धर्मपुत्रम् (dharmaputram) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Dharma)

• अरिंदमम् (ariṁdamam) - subduer of enemies

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• प्रच्छादयामास (pracchādayāmāsa) - he covered, he enveloped, he showered

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - Yudhiṣṭhira's charioteer (charioteer)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - he caused to fall, he struck down

Words meanings and morphology

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a prominent warrior in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes Karṇa's involvement or action.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

Note: Indicates the location of the action.

राजन् (rājan) - Vocative, addressing the listener (e.g., Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Sañjaya). (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: An address to the narrator's audience.

धर्मपुत्रम् (dharmaputram) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Dharma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of Dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+putra)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of pracchādayāmāsa.

अरिंदमम् (ariṁdamam) - subduer of enemies

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - subduer of enemies, conqueror of foes

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – subduing, taming
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dam 'to subdue'.
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Qualifies dharmaputram.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Instrument of covering.

प्रच्छादयामास (pracchādayāmāsa) - he covered, he enveloped, he showered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pracchādayāmāsa

periphrastic perfect (causative)

Periphrastic perfect form of the causative of root chad (pracchādayati). The auxiliary root 'as' (to be) is also used.

Prefix: pra

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: The subject is Karṇa.

सारथिम् (sārathim) - Yudhiṣṭhira's charioteer (charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Note: Object of apātayat.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions of Karṇa.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the striking down of the charioteer.

अपातयत् (apātayat) - he caused to fall, he struck down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pātayat

causative imperfect

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of the causative stem of root pat (pātayati).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The subject is Karṇa.