महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-35, verse-27

ततस्ते प्राद्रवन्भीताः प्रतीपं प्रहिताः पुनः ।
महामात्रैस्तमावव्रुर्मेघा इव दिवाकरम् ॥२७॥

27. tataste prādravanbhītāḥ pratīpaṁ prahitāḥ punaḥ ,
mahāmātraistamāvavrurmeghā iva divākaram.

27. tataḥ te prādravan bhītāḥ pratīpam prahitāḥ punaḥ
mahāmātraiḥ tam āvavruḥ meghāḥ iva divākaram

27. tataḥ bhītāḥ te prādravan punaḥ pratīpam prahitāḥ [santaḥ api],
mahāmātraiḥ meghāḥ divākaram iva tam āvavruḥ

27. Then those terrified elephants fled. But the mahouts, having dispatched them again to face him, surrounded him (Bhīma), just as clouds envelop the sun.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• ते (te) - those elephants (implied from previous verses) (they, those)

• प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, ran away

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, terrified

• प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - (sent) back (towards Bhīma) (back, against, contrarily, adversely)

• प्रहिताः (prahitāḥ) - (elephants) dispatched/driven (towards Bhīma) (dispatched, sent forth, hurled)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more, but, on the other hand)

• महामात्रैः (mahāmātraiḥ) - by the elephant mahouts (by the great officers, by the mahouts (elephant-drivers))

• तम् (tam) - him (Bhīma) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• आवव्रुः (āvavruḥ) - they surrounded, they enveloped, they covered

• मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• दिवाकरम् (divākaram) - the sun, sun-maker

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time/sequence.

ते (te) - those elephants (implied from previous verses) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the elephants.

प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prādru

imperfect (laṅ)

3rd person plural, imperfect active of root dru with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, terrified, afraid

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhī (to fear) with kta suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies te (elephants).

प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - (sent) back (towards Bhīma) (back, against, contrarily, adversely)

(indeclinable)

Accusative form of pratīpa used adverbially.

Note: Adverb modifying prahitāḥ.

प्रहिताः (prahitāḥ) - (elephants) dispatched/driven (towards Bhīma) (dispatched, sent forth, hurled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahita

prahita - sent, dispatched, hurled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hi (to send) with prefix pra and kta suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Qualifies te (elephants).

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more, but, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Modifies the action of dispatching.

महामात्रैः (mahāmātraiḥ) - by the elephant mahouts (by the great officers, by the mahouts (elephant-drivers))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāmātra

mahāmātra - chief officer, prime minister; elephant driver, mahout

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+mātra)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  feminine form of mahat, used as a prefix
• mātra – measure, size; quantity; a kind of officer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agent of the action āvavruḥ.

तम् (tam) - him (Bhīma) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of āvavruḥ.

आवव्रुः (āvavruḥ) - they surrounded, they enveloped, they covered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of āvṛ

perfect (lit)

3rd person plural, perfect active of root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Main verb for the mahouts' action.

मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud

Root: mih (class 1)

Note: Subject of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating comparison.

दिवाकरम् (divākaram) - the sun, sun-maker

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun, sun-maker (one who makes the day)

agent noun

Compound divā (by day) + kara (maker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, during the day
  indeclinable
• kara – maker, doer; hand, ray
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix a.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)