महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-35, verse-40

ततः संप्रद्रुतं संख्ये रथं दृष्ट्वा महारथः ।
अन्वधावत्किरन्बाणैः कङ्कपत्रैरजिह्मगैः ॥४०॥

40. tataḥ saṁpradrutaṁ saṁkhye rathaṁ dṛṣṭvā mahārathaḥ ,
anvadhāvatkiranbāṇaiḥ kaṅkapatrairajihmagaiḥ.

40. tataḥ sampradrutam saṃkhye rathaṃ dṛṣṭvā mahārathaḥ
anvadhāvat kiran bāṇaiḥ kaṅkapatraiḥ ajihmagaiḥ

40. mahārathaḥ saṃkhye sampradrutam rathaṃ dṛṣṭvā,
kaṅkapatraiḥ ajihmagaiḥ bāṇaiḥ kiran,
tataḥ anvadhāvat.

40. Then, seeing the chariot flee from the battlefield, the great warrior pursued it, showering it with straight-flying arrows feathered with heron plumes.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, after seeing the chariot (then, thereupon, thereafter, from that)

• सम्प्रद्रुतम् (sampradrutam) - having fled (having fled, rushed away, scattered)

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in the battle (in battle, in combat, in war)

• रथं (rathaṁ) - the chariot (chariot)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - the great warrior (Karna) (great warrior, one with a great chariot)

• अन्वधावत् (anvadhāvat) - pursued (pursued, followed after)

• किरन् (kiran) - showering (arrows) (scattering, showering, diffusing)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• कङ्कपत्रैः (kaṅkapatraiḥ) - with heron-feathered (arrows) (with heron/vulture feathers)

• अजिह्मगैः (ajihmagaiḥ) - straight-flying, unerring (arrows) (straight-moving, unerring)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, after seeing the chariot (then, thereupon, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

सम्प्रद्रुतम् (sampradrutam) - having fled (having fled, rushed away, scattered)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sampradruta

sampradruta - fled, rushed away, scattered, escaped

Past Passive Participle

From verb root 'dru' (to run) with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham' (chariot).

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in the battle (in battle, in combat, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, combat, war

रथं (rathaṁ) - the chariot (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' with suffix '-tvā'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - the great warrior (Karna) (great warrior, one with a great chariot)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great chariot-fighter, one whose chariot is great

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Karna in this context.

अन्वधावत् (anvadhāvat) - pursued (pursued, followed after)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of anvadhāvat

Imperfect Active

From root 'dhāv' with prefixes 'anu' and 'ava'

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: dhāv (class 1)

किरन् (kiran) - showering (arrows) (scattering, showering, diffusing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kiran

kṛ - to scatter, to strew, to pour

Present Active Participle

From root 'kṛ' (group 6) with present participle suffix

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'mahārathaḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

कङ्कपत्रैः (kaṅkapatraiḥ) - with heron-feathered (arrows) (with heron/vulture feathers)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaṅkapatra

kaṅkapatra - feathered with heron/vulture feathers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaṅka+patra)

• kaṅka – heron, vulture
  noun (masculine)
• patra – feather, wing, leaf
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

अजिह्मगैः (ajihmagaiḥ) - straight-flying, unerring (arrows) (straight-moving, unerring)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ajihmaga

ajihmaga - going straight, unerring, not crooked

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+jihmaga)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• jihmaga – going crookedly, crooked-moving
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'jihma' (crooked) + 'ga' (going, from root 'gam')
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.