महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-169, verse-37

अधर्मेणापकृष्टश्च मद्रराजः परैरितः ।
इतोऽप्यधर्मेण हतो भीष्मः कुरुपितामहः ।
भूरिश्रवा ह्यधर्मेण त्वया धर्मविदा हतः ॥३७॥

37. adharmeṇāpakṛṣṭaśca madrarājaḥ parairitaḥ ,
ito'pyadharmeṇa hato bhīṣmaḥ kurupitāmahaḥ ,
bhūriśravā hyadharmeṇa tvayā dharmavidā hataḥ.

37. adharmeṇa apakṛṣṭaḥ ca madrarājaḥ
paraiḥ itaḥ | itaḥ api adharmeṇa hataḥ
bhīṣmaḥ kurupitāmahaḥ | bhūriśravā
hi adharmeṇa tvayā dharmavit hataḥ

37. madrarājaḥ adharmeṇa apakṛṣṭaḥ ca
paraiḥ itaḥ itaḥ api kurupitāmahaḥ
bhīṣmaḥ adharmeṇa hataḥ hi dharmavit
tvayā bhūriśravā hataḥ adharmeṇa

37. The king of Madras was brought down by unrighteousness (adharma) and struck by others. Even here, Bhishma, the grandsire of the Kurus, was killed unrighteously (adharma). And Bhurishravas was indeed killed unrighteously (adharma) by you, who claim to be knowledgeable in natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice, by wrong means

• अपकृष्टः (apakṛṣṭaḥ) - drawn down, degraded, removed, pulled away

• च (ca) - and, also

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Referring to King Shalya of Madra. (the king of Madras)

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by others, by enemies

• इतः (itaḥ) - In this context, means 'attacked' or 'struck'. (struck, attacked, gone)

• इतः (itaḥ) - here, from this place, in this matter

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice, by wrong means

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - A prominent character in the Mahabharata, the grandsire of the Kurus. (Bhishma)

• कुरुपितामहः (kurupitāmahaḥ) - Refers to Bhishma. (the grandsire of the Kurus)

• भूरिश्रवा (bhūriśravā) - A warrior in the Mahabharata. (Bhurishravas)

• हि (hi) - indeed, because, certainly

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice, by wrong means

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knowing natural law (dharma), one who knows righteousness

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

Words meanings and morphology

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice, by wrong means

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, evil, non-constitution

negation of dharma

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  from dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अपकृष्टः (apakṛṣṭaḥ) - drawn down, degraded, removed, pulled away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apakṛṣṭa

apakṛṣṭa - drawn off, pulled down, removed, degraded, inferior

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛṣ with upasarga apa.

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Referring to King Shalya of Madra. (the king of Madras)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras (a people/country)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

परैः (paraiḥ) - by others, by enemies

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, different, enemy, supreme

इतः (itaḥ) - In this context, means 'attacked' or 'struck'. (struck, attacked, gone)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ita

ita - gone, approached, obtained, struck

Past Passive Participle

From root i (to go) or sometimes used to mean 'struck'.

Root: i (class 2)

इतः (itaḥ) - here, from this place, in this matter

(indeclinable)

Derived from idam (this) + suffix tas (from).

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice, by wrong means

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, evil, non-constitution

negation of dharma

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  from dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, slain

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - A prominent character in the Mahabharata, the grandsire of the Kurus. (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a prominent character in the Mahabharata)

कुरुपितामहः (kurupitāmahaḥ) - Refers to Bhishma. (the grandsire of the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurupitāmaha

kurupitāmaha - grandsire of the Kurus

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kuru+pitāmaha)

• kuru – name of an ancient tribe or dynasty, descendant of Kuru
  proper noun (masculine)
• pitāmaha – paternal grandfather, grandsire
  noun (masculine)

भूरिश्रवा (bhūriśravā) - A warrior in the Mahabharata. (Bhurishravas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūriśravas

bhūriśravas - Bhurishravas (a warrior in the Mahabharata)

From bhūri (much, abundant) + śravas (fame, glory).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhūri+śravas)

• bhūri – much, abundant, great
  adjective
• śravas – fame, glory, renown, hearing
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śru (class 5)

हि (hi) - indeed, because, certainly

(indeclinable)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice, by wrong means

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, evil, non-constitution

negation of dharma

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  from dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knowing natural law (dharma), one who knows righteousness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavit

dharmavit - knowing natural law (dharma), one who knows righteousness, virtuous

Agent noun

Formed with kvin suffix (Pāṇini 3.2.59) from root vid (to know) + dharma.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  from dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'you' (tvayā) in meaning, but syntactically appears as nominative.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, slain

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)