महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-169, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
साङ्गा वेदा यथान्यायं येनाधीता महात्मना ।
यस्मिन्साक्षाद्धनुर्वेदो ह्रीनिषेधे प्रतिष्ठितः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
sāṅgā vedā yathānyāyaṁ yenādhītā mahātmanā ,
yasminsākṣāddhanurvedo hrīniṣedhe pratiṣṭhitaḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca sāṅgāḥ vedāḥ yathānyāyaṃ yena adhītāḥ
mahātmanā yasmin sākṣāt dhanurvedaḥ hrīniṣedhe pratiṣṭhitaḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca mahātmanā yena sāṅgāḥ vedāḥ yathānyāyaṃ
adhītāḥ yasmin dhanurvedaḥ hrīniṣedhe sākṣāt pratiṣṭhitaḥ

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra spoke: "By which great soul (mahātmā) the Vedas, along with their auxiliary branches, were properly studied, and in whom the science of archery (dhanurveda) is directly and firmly established, having overcome all inhibition."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• साङ्गाः (sāṅgāḥ) - referring to the Vedas with their six auxiliary branches (Vedāṅgas) (with auxiliary branches, accompanied by limbs)

• वेदाः (vedāḥ) - Vedas (revealed scriptures)

• यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - according to rule, properly, justly

• येन (yena) - by whom

• अधीताः (adhītāḥ) - studied, learnt

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - referring to Droṇa (by the great-souled one, by the noble person (mahātmā))

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom, in which

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, visibly, in person

• धनुर्वेदः (dhanurvedaḥ) - the science of archery (dhanurveda)

• ह्रीनिषेधे (hrīniṣedhe) - in the prohibition of shame, where shame is overcome, without inhibition

• प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - established, fixed, founded

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name); one who holds the kingdom

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

साङ्गाः (sāṅgāḥ) - referring to the Vedas with their six auxiliary branches (Vedāṅgas) (with auxiliary branches, accompanied by limbs)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāṅga

sāṅga - having limbs, with auxiliary parts, complete

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+aṅga)

• sa – with, together, endowed with
  indeclinable
• aṅga – limb, body part, auxiliary branch, constituent
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'vedāḥ'

वेदाः (vedāḥ) - Vedas (revealed scriptures)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - sacred knowledge, Veda

Root: vid (class 2)

यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - according to rule, properly, justly

(indeclinable)

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (yathā+nyāya)

• yathā – as, according to, in such a manner
  indeclinable
• nyāya – rule, justice, method, logical system
  noun (masculine)

येन (yena) - by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the 'mahātmā'

अधीताः (adhītāḥ) - studied, learnt

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhīta

adhīta - studied, learnt

Past Passive Participle

Derived from adhi-i (to go over, study)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'vedāḥ'

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - referring to Droṇa (by the great-souled one, by the noble person (mahātmā))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble person, magnanimous

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – soul, self, spirit, mind, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Droṇa

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom, in which

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the 'mahātmā'

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, visibly, in person

(indeclinable)

धनुर्वेदः (dhanurvedaḥ) - the science of archery (dhanurveda)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanurveda

dhanurveda - the science of archery, military science

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dhanus+veda)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• veda – knowledge, science
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

ह्रीनिषेधे (hrīniṣedhe) - in the prohibition of shame, where shame is overcome, without inhibition

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of hrīniṣedha

hrīniṣedha - prohibition of shame, freedom from modesty/inhibition

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (hrī+niṣedha)

• hrī – shame, modesty, embarrassment
  noun (feminine)
• niṣedha – prohibition, prevention, obstruction
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sidh (class 1)

प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - established, fixed, founded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, fixed, standing firm, supported

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prati-sthā (to stand firm, establish)

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dhanurvedaḥ'