महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-169, verse-13

कस्त्वेतद्व्यवसेदार्यस्त्वदन्यः पुरुषाधमः ।
निगृह्य केशेषु वधं गुरोर्धर्मात्मनः सतः ॥१३॥

13. kastvetadvyavasedāryastvadanyaḥ puruṣādhamaḥ ,
nigṛhya keśeṣu vadhaṁ gurordharmātmanaḥ sataḥ.

13. kaḥ tu etat vyavased āryaḥ tvat anyaḥ puruṣādhamaḥ
nigṛhya keśeṣu vadham guroḥ dharmātmanaḥ sataḥ

13. āryaḥ kaḥ tu puruṣādhamaḥ tvat anyaḥ dharmātmanaḥ
sataḥ guroḥ keśeṣu nigṛhya etat vadham vyavased

13. Who among noble persons, other than you, the vilest of men, would undertake such an act as seizing by the hair and killing a righteous and good teacher (guru) whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is virtue?

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• एतत् (etat) - this

• व्यवसेद् (vyavased) - would undertake, would resolve, would determine

• आर्यः (āryaḥ) - noble one, respectable person

• त्वत् (tvat) - from you, than you

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

• पुरुषाधमः (puruṣādhamaḥ) - lowest of men, vilest man, wretched person

• निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having captured

• केशेषु (keśeṣu) - in/by the hairs

• वधम् (vadham) - killing, slaughter, slaying

• गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher, of the preceptor

• धर्मात्मनः (dharmātmanaḥ) - of the righteous-souled, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is virtue

• सतः (sataḥ) - of the good, of the existent, of the virtuous one

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

व्यवसेद् (vyavased) - would undertake, would resolve, would determine

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vyavasā

optative mood

From prefix combination vi-ava- and root √so (to cut, finish) or √sā (to bind, try, endeavor), forming a new verbal stem vyavasā-.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sā (class 4)

आर्यः (āryaḥ) - noble one, respectable person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, honorable, respectable, a man of the Āryan race

त्वत् (tvat) - from you, than you

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

पुरुषाधमः (puruṣādhamaḥ) - lowest of men, vilest man, wretched person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣādhama

puruṣādhama - lowest of men, vilest man

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (puruṣa+adhama)

• puruṣa – man, male, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhama – lowest, mean, inferior, vile
  adjective (masculine)

निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having captured

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root √grah with prefix ni, and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

केशेषु (keśeṣu) - in/by the hairs

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of keśa

keśa - hair (of the head)

वधम् (vadham) - killing, slaughter, slaying

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, murder, slaughter

Root: vadh (class 1)

गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher, of the preceptor

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected elder

धर्मात्मनः (dharmātmanaḥ) - of the righteous-souled, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is virtue

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - whose soul or nature is righteousness, righteous-souled, virtuous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, virtue, duty
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

सतः (sataḥ) - of the good, of the existent, of the virtuous one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real, true

present active participle

Present participle of the root √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)