महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-169, verse-27

निहत्य त्वां यदा भूमौ स विक्रामति वीर्यवान् ।
किं तदा न निहंस्येनं भूत्वा पुरुषसत्तमः ॥२७॥

27. nihatya tvāṁ yadā bhūmau sa vikrāmati vīryavān ,
kiṁ tadā na nihaṁsyenaṁ bhūtvā puruṣasattamaḥ.

27. nihatya tvām yadā bhūmau saḥ vikrāmati vīryavān
kim tadā na nihaṃsi enam bhūtvā puruṣasattamaḥ

27. yadā vīryavān saḥ tvām nihatya bhūmau vikrāmati
tadā puruṣasattamaḥ bhūtvā enam na nihaṃsi kim

27. When that powerful one, having killed you, strides victoriously on the earth, why do you not then kill him, being the best among men (puruṣasattama)?

Words meanings summery:

• निहत्य (nihatya) - having killed, having struck down

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• यदा (yadā) - when

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the earth, on the ground

• सः (saḥ) - that powerful opponent (that (one), he)

• विक्रामति (vikrāmati) - strides, triumphs, performs valorous deeds

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, valorous, heroic

• किम् (kim) - why, what

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• न (na) - not, no

• निहंसि (nihaṁsi) - you kill

• एनम् (enam) - that powerful one (vīryavān) (him)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, being

• पुरुषसत्तमः (puruṣasattamaḥ) - being the best among men (puruṣa), addressed to a heroic warrior (best among men, excellent man, supreme person (puruṣa))

Words meanings and morphology

निहत्य (nihatya) - having killed, having struck down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √han (to strike, kill) with upasarga ni, suffix lyap.

Prefix: ni

Root: √han (class 2)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Second person pronoun.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Note: Specifies location.

सः (saḥ) - that powerful opponent (that (one), he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of vikrāmati.

विक्रामति (vikrāmati) - strides, triumphs, performs valorous deeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √kram

Present Tense

Third person singular, active voice. From vi + √kram.

Prefix: vi

Root: √kram (class 1)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, valorous, heroic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, valorous, heroic, potent

From vīrya (valor) + matup suffix.

Note: Qualifies saḥ.

किम् (kim) - why, what

(indeclinable)

Used as an interrogative adverb 'why'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time, correlative of yadā.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

निहंसि (nihaṁsi) - you kill

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √han

Present Tense

Second person singular, active voice. From ni + √han.

Prefix: ni

Root: √han (class 2)

एनम् (enam) - that powerful one (vīryavān) (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - him, her, it, this

Demonstrative pronoun, often used for immediate reference.

Note: Object of nihaṃsi. Refers to the vīryavān.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, being

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √bhū (to be, become) with suffix ktvā.

Root: √bhū (class 1)

पुरुषसत्तमः (puruṣasattamaḥ) - being the best among men (puruṣa), addressed to a heroic warrior (best among men, excellent man, supreme person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣasattama

puruṣasattama - best among men, excellent man, supreme person (puruṣa)

Tatpuruṣa compound of puruṣa (man) and sattama (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+sattama)

• puruṣa – man, person, human being, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of sat (good, existing).
  Root: √as (class 2)

Note: Predicative to the implied subject of nihaṃsi (you).