महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-75, verse-55

तेषां सुतुमुलं युद्धं व्यतिषक्तरथद्विपम् ।
अवर्तत महारौद्रं निघ्नतामितरेतरम् ।
अन्योन्यागस्कृतां राजन्यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनम् ॥५५॥

55. teṣāṁ sutumulaṁ yuddhaṁ vyatiṣaktarathadvipam ,
avartata mahāraudraṁ nighnatāmitaretaram ,
anyonyāgaskṛtāṁ rājanyamarāṣṭravivardhanam.

55. teṣām sutumulam yuddham
vyatiṣaktarathadvipam avartata mahāraudram
nighnatām itaretaram anyonyāgaskṛtām
rājan yamarāṣṭravivardhanam

55. rājan teṣām anyonyāgaskṛtām
sutumulam vyatiṣaktarathadvipam
itaretaram nighnatām mahāraudram
yamarāṣṭravivardhanam yuddham avartata

55. O King, a very tumultuous and exceedingly fierce battle ensued among them. Chariots and elephants became entangled, and they struck each other down. This conflict, born of their mutual offenses, greatly expanded the dominion of Yama (god of death).

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• सुतुमुलम् (sutumulam) - very tumultuous, exceedingly agitated

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• व्यतिषक्तरथद्विपम् (vyatiṣaktarathadvipam) - with chariots and elephants entangled, having entangled chariots and elephants

• अवर्तत (avartata) - occurred, ensued, rolled on

• महारौद्रम् (mahāraudram) - extremely fierce, very dreadful

• निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - of those striking, killing

• इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other, mutually

• अन्योन्यागस्कृताम् (anyonyāgaskṛtām) - of those who have committed offenses against each other, mutually offending

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O King)

• यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनम् (yamarāṣṭravivardhanam) - causing many deaths, increasing the population of Yama's realm (increasing the dominion of Yama, expanding Yama's kingdom)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

सुतुमुलम् (sutumulam) - very tumultuous, exceedingly agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sutumula

sutumula - very tumultuous, exceedingly agitated

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+tumula)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• tumula – tumultuous, noisy, agitated
  adjective

Note: Modifies 'yuddham'

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

व्यतिषक्तरथद्विपम् (vyatiṣaktarathadvipam) - with chariots and elephants entangled, having entangled chariots and elephants

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyatiṣaktarathadvipa

vyatiṣaktarathadvipa - with chariots and elephants entangled, having entangled chariots and elephants

Bahuvrīhi compound, literally 'that in which chariots and elephants are entangled'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyatiṣakta+ratha+dvipa)

• vyatiṣakta – intertwined, entangled, joined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root sañj with prefixes vi and ati
  Prefixes: vi+ati
  Root: sañj (class 6)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• dvipa – elephant (lit. 'two-drinker')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'yuddham'

अवर्तत (avartata) - occurred, ensued, rolled on

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महारौद्रम् (mahāraudram) - extremely fierce, very dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahāraudra

mahāraudra - extremely fierce, very dreadful

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+raudra)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• raudra – fierce, dreadful, terrific
  adjective

Note: Modifies 'yuddham'

निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - of those striking, killing

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nighnat

nighnat - striking, killing

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root han with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the combatants who are striking each other

इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of itaretara

itaretara - each other, mutually

Note: Used adverbially as object of 'nighnatām'

अन्योन्यागस्कृताम् (anyonyāgaskṛtām) - of those who have committed offenses against each other, mutually offending

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anyonyāgaskṛt

anyonyāgaskṛt - of those who have committed offenses against each other, mutually offending

Bahuvrīhi compound, literally 'by whom offenses have been done mutually'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (anyonyam+āgas+kṛta)

• anyonyam – mutually, each other
  indeclinable
• āgas – fault, offense, sin
  noun (neuter)
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'teṣām' or 'nighnatām'

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनम् (yamarāṣṭravivardhanam) - causing many deaths, increasing the population of Yama's realm (increasing the dominion of Yama, expanding Yama's kingdom)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yamarāṣṭravivardhana

yamarāṣṭravivardhana - increasing the dominion of Yama, expanding Yama's kingdom

Tatpuruṣa compound (Yama's kingdom's increase)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yama+rāṣṭra+vivardhana)

• yama – Yama (god of death)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, dominion, realm
  noun (neuter)
• vivardhana – increasing, causing to grow, augmenting
  adjective
  From root vṛdh (to grow) with prefix vi, and suffix -ana
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'yuddham'