महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-75, verse-47

अश्वान्मनोजवांश्चास्य कल्माषान्वीतकल्मषः ।
जघान निशितैस्तूर्णं सर्वान्द्वादशभिः शरैः ॥४७॥

47. aśvānmanojavāṁścāsya kalmāṣānvītakalmaṣaḥ ,
jaghāna niśitaistūrṇaṁ sarvāndvādaśabhiḥ śaraiḥ.

47. aśvān manojavān ca asya kalmāṣān vītakalmaṣaḥ
jaghāna niśitaiḥ tūrṇam sarvān dvādaśabhiḥ śaraiḥ

47. vītakalmaṣaḥ asya manojavān ca kalmāṣān sarvān
aśvān dvādaśabhiḥ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ tūrṇam jaghāna

47. The faultless warrior swiftly killed all of his mind-swift and dappled horses with twelve sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• मनोजवान् (manojavān) - mind-swift, quick as thought

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्य (asya) - of the enemy (whose horses are being killed) (his, of him, of this)

• कल्माषान् (kalmāṣān) - dappled, variegated, spotted

• वीतकल्मषः (vītakalmaṣaḥ) - the faultless warrior (who is the subject of the action) (faultless, sinless, spotless, pure)

• जघान (jaghāna) - killed, struck, smote

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, whetted, keen

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly, rapidly

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

• द्वादशभिः (dvādaśabhiḥ) - by twelve

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

मनोजवान् (manojavān) - mind-swift, quick as thought

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of manojava

manojava - swift as thought, quick as mind

Compound formed from manas (mind) and java (speed).

Compound type : tatpurusha (manas+java)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
• java – speed, swiftness, velocity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ju (to be swift, rush).
  Root: ju (class 1)

Note: Qualifies aśvān.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects manojavān and kalmāṣān.

अस्य (asya) - of the enemy (whose horses are being killed) (his, of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the owner of the horses.

कल्माषान् (kalmāṣān) - dappled, variegated, spotted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kalmāṣa

kalmāṣa - dappled, variegated, spotted (often used for horses)

वीतकल्मषः (vītakalmaṣaḥ) - the faultless warrior (who is the subject of the action) (faultless, sinless, spotless, pure)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vītakalmaṣa

vītakalmaṣa - freed from sin/fault, stainless, pure

Bahuvrīhi compound: vīta (gone, removed) + kalmaṣa (stain, fault, sin).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vīta+kalmaṣa)

• vīta – gone, disappeared, removed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root i (to go) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)
• kalmaṣa – stain, impurity, fault, sin
  noun (neuter)

Note: Acts as the subject of the sentence, referring to the warrior performing the action.

जघान (jaghāna) - killed, struck, smote

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of han

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of han.

Root: han (class 2)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, whetted, keen

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, keen, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo (to sharpen) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of tūrṇa (swift).

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying jaghāna.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Universal pronoun.

द्वादशभिः (dvādaśabhiḥ) - by twelve

(numeral)

Compound type : dvandva (dvi+daśan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• daśan – ten
  numeral

Note: Qualifies śaraiḥ.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Instrument of action.