महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-75, verse-19

स गाढविद्धो व्यथितो भीमसेनेन संयुगे ।
निषसाद रथोपस्थे राजा दुर्योधनस्तदा ॥१९॥

19. sa gāḍhaviddho vyathito bhīmasenena saṁyuge ,
niṣasāda rathopasthe rājā duryodhanastadā.

19. sa gāḍhaviddhaḥ vyathitaḥ bhīmasenena saṃyuge
niṣasāda rathopasthe rājā duryodhanaḥ tadā

19. tadā rājā duryodhanaḥ bhīmasenena saṃyuge
gāḍhaviddhaḥ vyathitaḥ rathopasthe niṣasāda

19. Then King Duryodhana, deeply wounded and pained by Bhīmasena in battle, sat down on the seat of his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - He (Duryodhana) (he, that)

• गाढविद्धः (gāḍhaviddhaḥ) - deeply wounded by weapons (deeply pierced, severely wounded)

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - feeling physical pain (distressed, pained, troubled)

• भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhīmasena, one of the Pāṇḍavas (by Bhīmasena)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in the battlefield (in battle, in conflict)

• निषसाद (niṣasāda) - he sat down (due to injury) (he sat down)

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - on the floor/seat of his war-chariot (on the seat of the chariot, on the chariot-board)

• राजा (rājā) - King Duryodhana (king)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana (proper name))

• तदा (tadā) - at that moment (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - He (Duryodhana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गाढविद्धः (gāḍhaviddhaḥ) - deeply wounded by weapons (deeply pierced, severely wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāḍhaviddha

gāḍhaviddha - deeply pierced, severely wounded

Compound type : karmadhāraya (gāḍha+viddha)

• gāḍha – deep, intense, firm
  adjective (masculine)
• viddha – pierced, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √vyadh (to pierce) with suffix -ta
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - feeling physical pain (distressed, pained, troubled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, pained, troubled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vyath (to suffer, be pained) with suffix -ta

Root: vyath (class 1)

भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhīmasena, one of the Pāṇḍavas (by Bhīmasena)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of a warrior)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in the battlefield (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

निषसाद (niṣasāda) - he sat down (due to injury) (he sat down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of niṣad

Perfect (Lit) third singular active

Derived from root √sad (to sit) with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - on the floor/seat of his war-chariot (on the seat of the chariot, on the chariot-board)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot-board, seat of a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – lap, seat, proximity
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: sthā (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - King Duryodhana (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince)

तदा (tadā) - at that moment (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)