महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-75, verse-51

तानभ्यापततः प्रेक्ष्य तव पुत्रा महारथाः ।
प्रत्युद्ययुर्महाराज गजा इव महागजान् ॥५१॥

51. tānabhyāpatataḥ prekṣya tava putrā mahārathāḥ ,
pratyudyayurmahārāja gajā iva mahāgajān.

51. tān abhyāpatataḥ prekṣya tava putrāḥ mahārathāḥ
pratyudyayuḥ mahārāja gajāḥ iva mahāgajān

51. mahārāja tava mahārathāḥ putrāḥ tān abhyāpatataḥ
prekṣya gajāḥ iva mahāgajān pratyudyayuḥ

51. O great king (mahārāja), seeing them approaching, your great chariot-warrior sons advanced against them, just like elephants (gajāḥ) confronting mighty elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them (the approaching enemy Kekayas) (those, them)

• अभ्यापततः (abhyāpatataḥ) - those (enemies) who were approaching (those who were approaching, coming near)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, after seeing

• तव (tava) - your

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons (the Kauravas) (sons)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors

• प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they advanced against, they went forth to meet

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

• इव (iva) - like, as, just as

• महागजान् (mahāgajān) - mighty elephants

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them (the approaching enemy Kekayas) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

अभ्यापततः (abhyāpatataḥ) - those (enemies) who were approaching (those who were approaching, coming near)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of abhyāpatat

abhyāpatat - approaching, coming near

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'pat' (to fall, fly) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adjective here, modifying 'tān' implicitly or explicitly referring to the Kekayas.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons (the Kauravas) (sons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great chariot-fighter

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used here as a noun, qualifying 'putrāḥ'.

प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they advanced against, they went forth to meet

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pratyudyā

Perfect Tense (lit)

Root 'yā' (to go) with prefixes 'prati' and 'ud'.

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

इव (iva) - like, as, just as

(indeclinable)

महागजान् (mahāgajān) - mighty elephants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāgaja

mahāgaja - large elephant, mighty elephant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+gaja)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)