महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-75, verse-43

तथा तस्मिन्वर्तमाने दुष्कर्णो भ्रातुरन्तिके ।
चिच्छेद समरे चापं नाकुलेः क्रोधमूर्छितः ॥४३॥

43. tathā tasminvartamāne duṣkarṇo bhrāturantike ,
ciccheda samare cāpaṁ nākuleḥ krodhamūrchitaḥ.

43. tathā tasmin vartamāne duṣkarṇaḥ bhrātuḥ antike
ciccheda samare cāpam nākuleḥ krodhamūrcchitaḥ

43. tathā tasmin vartamāne krodhamūrcchitaḥ duṣkarṇaḥ
bhrātuḥ antike nākuleḥ cāpam samare ciccheda

43. Then, while Nakula was engaged, Duṣkarṇa, overcome with rage, cut Nakula's bow in battle, in the presence of his (Duṣkarṇa's) brother.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, then, in that manner

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, upon that, concerning that

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while he (Nakula) was engaged (being, existing, ongoing, present, acting)

• दुष्कर्णः (duṣkarṇaḥ) - Duṣkarṇa

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of his (Duṣkarṇa's) brother (of the brother)

• अन्तिके (antike) - near, in the vicinity of, in the presence of

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he broke

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• चापम् (cāpam) - bow

• नाकुलेः (nākuleḥ) - of Nakula, belonging to Nakula

• क्रोधमूर्च्छितः (krodhamūrcchitaḥ) - overcome with rage, fainted from anger

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, then, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, upon that, concerning that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction.

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while he (Nakula) was engaged (being, existing, ongoing, present, acting)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, being, present, acting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn) with śānac suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tasmin.

दुष्कर्णः (duṣkarṇaḥ) - Duṣkarṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣkarṇa

duṣkarṇa - Duṣkarṇa (proper name, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of his (Duṣkarṇa's) brother (of the brother)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

अन्तिके (antike) - near, in the vicinity of, in the presence of

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a preposition with the genitive.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he broke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of chid

Perfect active 3rd person singular.

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Refers to Duṣkarṇa.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

Note: Denotes location of action.

चापम् (cāpam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine/neuter, singular of cāpa

cāpa - bow

Note: Direct object of ciccheda.

नाकुलेः (nākuleḥ) - of Nakula, belonging to Nakula

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nākuli

nākuli - son of Nakula, relating to Nakula

Patronymic.

Note: Qualifies cāpam.

क्रोधमूर्च्छितः (krodhamūrcchitaḥ) - overcome with rage, fainted from anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodhamūrcchita

krodhamūrcchita - overcome by anger/rage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (krodha+mūrcchita)

• krodha – anger, rage
  noun (masculine)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• mūrcchita – fainted, swooned, overcome
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root mūrcch (to swoon, to faint).
  Root: mūrcch (class 1)

Note: Qualifies duṣkarṇaḥ.