महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-122, verse-55

मद्द्वितीयं पुनः पार्थं कः प्रार्थयितुमर्हति ।
युद्धे प्रतीपमायान्तमपि साक्षात्पुरंदरः ॥५५॥

55. maddvitīyaṁ punaḥ pārthaṁ kaḥ prārthayitumarhati ,
yuddhe pratīpamāyāntamapi sākṣātpuraṁdaraḥ.

55. maddvitīyam punaḥ pārtham kaḥ prārthayitum arhati
yuddhe pratīpam āyāntam api sākṣāt purandaraḥ

55. Furthermore, who is capable of challenging Arjuna (pārtha) in battle, especially when he approaches with me as his companion – not even Indra (purandara) himself could do so directly!

Words meanings summery:

• मद्द्वितीयम् (maddvitīyam) - accompanied by me, having me as a second

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but, however

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• प्रार्थयितुम् (prārthayitum) - to challenge, to solicit, to ask

• अर्हति (arhati) - is able, deserves, is fit

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in combat

• प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - against, hostile, opposite

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, in person, visibly

• पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Indra (destroyer of cities)

Words meanings and morphology

मद्द्वितीयम् (maddvitīyam) - accompanied by me, having me as a second

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maddvitīya

maddvitīya - having me as a second, accompanied by me

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mat+dvitīya)

• mat – I, me (stem)
  pronoun
• dvitīya – second
  numeral/adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Arjuna.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but, however

(indeclinable)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet of Arjuna

Vṛddhi derivation from Pṛthā + aṇ suffix.

Note: Object of prārthayitum.

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Subject of arhati.

प्रार्थयितुम् (prārthayitum) - to challenge, to solicit, to ask

(indeclinable)

infinitive

infinitive of prārthay (desiderative of arth with pra)

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

अर्हति (arhati) - is able, deserves, is fit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Takes an infinitive as its object.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

past passive participle (used as noun)

from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - against, hostile, opposite

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratīpa

pratīpa - contrary, adverse, hostile, reverse

Note: Used adverbially.

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānta

āyānta - approaching, coming, arriving

present active participle

From ā-yā (to come)

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, in person, visibly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from sākṣin (witness)

Note: Modifies purandaraḥ.

पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Indra (destroyer of cities)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purandara

purandara - destroyer of cities (an epithet of Indra)

Compound puraṃ-dara (city-destroyer)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (puram+dara)

• puram – city, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• dara – one who splits/tears/destroys
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root dṛ (to tear, split)
  Root: dṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject for an implied clause (e.g., 'if Indra himself were to come').