महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-122, verse-24

सतां मतमतिक्रम्य योऽसतां वर्तते मते ।
शोचन्ते व्यसने तस्य सुहृदो नचिरादिव ॥२४॥

24. satāṁ matamatikramya yo'satāṁ vartate mate ,
śocante vyasane tasya suhṛdo nacirādiva.

24. satām matam atikramya yaḥ asatām vartate mate
śocante vyasane tasya suhṛdaḥ na cirāt iva

24. He who, disregarding the opinion of the virtuous, follows the opinion of the wicked, his friends soon grieve in his misfortune.

Words meanings summery:

• सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous, of the good, of the noble

• मतम् (matam) - opinion (opinion, view, thought, doctrine, belief)

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having transgressed, having disregarded, having overcome, having passed by

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, that)

• असताम् (asatām) - of the wicked, of the non-virtuous, of the bad

• वर्तते (vartate) - follows (the opinion) (acts, behaves, dwells, exists, is found)

• मते (mate) - in the opinion, in the view, in the doctrine

• शोचन्ते (śocante) - they grieve, they lament, they sorrow

• व्यसने (vyasane) - in calamity, in misfortune, in distress, in vice

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his, of that

• सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends, well-wishers

• न (na) - not, no

• चिरात् (cirāt) - not after a long time; soon (after a long time)

• इव (iva) - as if (emphasizing immediacy) (as if, like, resembling, indeed)

Words meanings and morphology

सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous, of the good, of the noble

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, true, real

Present Active Participle

From root `as` (to be) + `śatṛ` suffix

Root: as (class 2)

मतम् (matam) - opinion (opinion, view, thought, doctrine, belief)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - thought, opinion, view, doctrine, belief, assent

Past Passive Participle

From root `man` (to think) + `kta` suffix

Root: man (class 4)

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having transgressed, having disregarded, having overcome, having passed by

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whichever

असताम् (asatām) - of the wicked, of the non-virtuous, of the bad

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad, wicked, non-virtuous

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• sat – being, existing, good, virtuous, real, true
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From root `as` (to be) + `śatṛ` suffix
  Root: as (class 2)

वर्तते (vartate) - follows (the opinion) (acts, behaves, dwells, exists, is found)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

मते (mate) - in the opinion, in the view, in the doctrine

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - thought, opinion, view, doctrine, belief, assent

Past Passive Participle

From root `man` (to think) + `kta` suffix

Root: man (class 4)

शोचन्ते (śocante) - they grieve, they lament, they sorrow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of śuc

Root: śuc (class 1)

व्यसने (vyasane) - in calamity, in misfortune, in distress, in vice

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, distress, vice, addiction

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that

सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends, well-wishers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, good-hearted

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent, easy
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind, conscience, essence
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

चिरात् (cirāt) - not after a long time; soon (after a long time)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of cira

cira - long (time), lasting, ancient

Note: Used adverbially here.

इव (iva) - as if (emphasizing immediacy) (as if, like, resembling, indeed)

(indeclinable)