महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-122, verse-51

किं ते जनक्षयेणेह कृतेन भरतर्षभ ।
यस्मिञ्जिते जितं ते स्यात्पुमानेकः स दृश्यताम् ॥५१॥

51. kiṁ te janakṣayeṇeha kṛtena bharatarṣabha ,
yasmiñjite jitaṁ te syātpumānekaḥ sa dṛśyatām.

51. kim te janakṣayeṇa iha kṛtena bharatarṣabha
yasmin jite jitam te syāt pumān ekaḥ sa dṛśyatām

51. What is the use to you, O best of the Bharatas, of this destruction of people here? Let that one man be seen, by defeating whom, victory would be yours.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what? why? of what use?

• ते (te) - to you, your, for you

• जनक्षयेण (janakṣayeṇa) - by the destruction of people, by the slaughter of men

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• कृतेन (kṛtena) - by the (massacre) caused (by the done, by the caused)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Used as a respectful address to a prominent person of the Bharata lineage. (O best of the Bharatas, O bull of the Bharatas)

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - by whom (Arjuna is implicitly referred to as the 'one man') (in whom, by whom (referring to a man))

• जिते (jite) - when (that one man) is defeated (when defeated, by defeating)

• जितम् (jitam) - victory, conquered, won

• ते (te) - yours

• स्यात् (syāt) - it would be, it might be, let it be

• पुमान् (pumān) - a man, a male, a person

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, single, alone

• स (sa) - That (one man) (that, he)

• दृश्यताम् (dṛśyatām) - let him be seen, may he be seen

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what? why? of what use?

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here interrogatively, implying 'what is the point/use?'

ते (te) - to you, your, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (personal pronoun)

Note: Can also be genitive singular.

जनक्षयेण (janakṣayeṇa) - by the destruction of people, by the slaughter of men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of janakṣaya

janakṣaya - destruction of people, slaughter of men, loss of life

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (jana+kṣaya)

• jana – person, people, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, loss, decrease, end, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'kṣi' (to destroy, diminish)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

कृतेन (kṛtena) - by the (massacre) caused (by the done, by the caused)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, caused, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix '-ta'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'janakṣayeṇa'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Used as a respectful address to a prominent person of the Bharata lineage. (O best of the Bharatas, O bull of the Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull/best of the Bharatas (descendants of Bharata)

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king, an actor
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - by whom (Arjuna is implicitly referred to as the 'one man') (in whom, by whom (referring to a man))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction with 'jite'.

जिते (jite) - when (that one man) is defeated (when defeated, by defeating)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, defeated, subdued, won

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer) with suffix '-ta'

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction with 'yasmin'.

जितम् (jitam) - victory, conquered, won

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - conquered, defeated, won, victory

Past Passive Participle used as a noun

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer) with suffix '-ta'

Root: ji (class 1)

ते (te) - yours

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you (personal pronoun)

Note: Can also be dative singular.

स्यात् (syāt) - it would be, it might be, let it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Optative

3rd person singular, Optative (vidhi-liṅ), Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

पुमान् (pumān) - a man, a male, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puman

puman - man, male, human being, person

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, single, alone

(numeral)

Note: Can also function as an adjective.

स (sa) - That (one man) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

दृश्यताम् (dṛśyatām) - let him be seen, may he be seen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative

3rd person singular, Imperative (loṭ), Passive Voice

Root: dṛś (class 1)