महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-122, verse-25

मुख्यानमात्यानुत्सृज्य यो निहीनान्निषेवते ।
स घोरामापदं प्राप्य नोत्तारमधिगच्छति ॥२५॥

25. mukhyānamātyānutsṛjya yo nihīnānniṣevate ,
sa ghorāmāpadaṁ prāpya nottāramadhigacchati.

25. mukhyān amātyān utsṛjya yaḥ nihīnān niṣevate
saḥ ghorām āpadam prāpya na uttāram adhigacchati

25. A person who abandons his principal ministers and associates with inferior ones, after incurring a dreadful calamity, finds no way of escape.

Words meanings summery:

• मुख्यान् (mukhyān) - chief, principal, primary

• अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers, counselors, associates

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up, having renounced

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who, whoever

• निहीनान् (nihīnān) - inferior, lowly, deprived, abandoned

• निषेवते (niṣevate) - serves, associates with, frequents

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

• घोराम् (ghorām) - dreadful, terrible, awful, fierce

• आपदम् (āpadam) - calamity, distress, misfortune

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having incurred

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• उत्तारम् (uttāram) - escape, deliverance, crossing over

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - obtains, reaches, comprehends, attains

Words meanings and morphology

मुख्यान् (mukhyān) - chief, principal, primary

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mukhya

mukhya - principal, chief, primary, main, foremost

Derived from mukha (face, mouth, front) + ya suffix

अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers, counselors, associates

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - minister, counselor, companion, colleague

From amā (at home) + tya (suffix), meaning 'one who is at home (with the king)'

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up, having renounced

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix ut- and suffix -ya from root sṛj

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: absolutive (gerund) form

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

निहीनान् (nihīnān) - inferior, lowly, deprived, abandoned

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nihīna

nihīna - inferior, lowly, deprived, abandoned, lost

Past Passive Participle

From ni-hā (to abandon, to leave behind)

Prefix: ni

Root: hā (class 3)

निषेवते (niṣevate) - serves, associates with, frequents

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of niṣev

Prefix: ni

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: ātmanepada

सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

घोराम् (ghorām) - dreadful, terrible, awful, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fierce, awful

आपदम् (āpadam) - calamity, distress, misfortune

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, adversity

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having incurred

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix pra- and suffix -ya from root āp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: absolutive (gerund) form

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

उत्तारम् (uttāram) - escape, deliverance, crossing over

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttāra

uttāra - crossing over, deliverance, escape, ferry

Derived from ut-tṝ (to cross over)

Prefix: ut

Root: tṝ (class 1)

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - obtains, reaches, comprehends, attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of adhigam

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: parasmaipada