महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-122, verse-32

त्रिवर्गयुक्ता प्राज्ञानामारम्भा भरतर्षभ ।
धर्मार्थावनुरुध्यन्ते त्रिवर्गासंभवे नराः ॥३२॥

32. trivargayuktā prājñānāmārambhā bharatarṣabha ,
dharmārthāvanurudhyante trivargāsaṁbhave narāḥ.

32. trivargayuktāḥ prājñānām ārambhāḥ bharatarṣabha
dharmārthau anurudhyante trivargāsaṃbhave narāḥ

32. O bull among Bharatas (bharatarṣabha), the undertakings of the wise are associated with the three aims of human life (dharma, artha, kāma). When the complete set of three aims (trivarga) is not possible, people pursue righteousness (dharma) and material prosperity (artha).

Words meanings summery:

• त्रिवर्गयुक्ताः (trivargayuktāḥ) - associated with the three aims, endowed with the trivarga

• प्राज्ञानाम् (prājñānām) - of the wise, of discerning people

• आरम्भाः (ārambhāḥ) - undertakings, beginnings, enterprises, endeavors

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among Bharatas (Duryodhana) (O bull among Bharatas, O best of Bharatas)

• धर्मार्थौ (dharmārthau) - righteousness and material prosperity, dharma and artha

• अनुरुध्यन्ते (anurudhyante) - they pursue, they follow, they cling to

• त्रिवर्गासंभवे (trivargāsaṁbhave) - in the absence of the trivarga, when the three aims are not possible

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, people, human beings

Words meanings and morphology

त्रिवर्गयुक्ताः (trivargayuktāḥ) - associated with the three aims, endowed with the trivarga

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trivargayukta

trivargayukta - connected with the trivarga (dharma, artha, kāma)

Past Passive Participle

Bahuvrīhi compound, from trivarga (three aims) + yukta (joined, connected).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (trivarga+yukta)

• trivarga – the group of three (dharma, artha, kāma)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound (tri + varga).
• yukta – joined, connected, endowed with, engaged in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'ārambhāḥ'.

प्राज्ञानाम् (prājñānām) - of the wise, of discerning people

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prājña

prājña - wise, discerning, intelligent

Derived from pra-jñā (to know well).

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Modifies 'ārambhāḥ'.

आरम्भाः (ārambhāḥ) - undertakings, beginnings, enterprises, endeavors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārambha

ārambha - beginning, undertaking, enterprise

From ā-rabh (to begin).

Prefix: ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the first implied clause.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among Bharatas (Duryodhana) (O bull among Bharatas, O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas (an epithet for noble warriors)

Tatpuruṣa compound (bharata + ṛṣabha).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a warrior, a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address for Duryodhana.

धर्मार्थौ (dharmārthau) - righteousness and material prosperity, dharma and artha

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of dharmārtha

dharmārtha - righteousness (dharma) and material prosperity (artha)

Dvandva compound (dharma + artha).

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+artha)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, wealth, material prosperity, meaning
  noun (masculine)
  Root: arth (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anurudhyante'.

अनुरुध्यन्ते (anurudhyante) - they pursue, they follow, they cling to

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of anurudh

From root rudh (to hinder, to obstruct) with upasarga anu, used in the middle voice with the sense of following or pursuing.

Prefix: anu

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Verb for 'narāḥ'.

त्रिवर्गासंभवे (trivargāsaṁbhave) - in the absence of the trivarga, when the three aims are not possible

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of trivargāsaṃbhava

trivargāsaṁbhava - non-occurrence of the trivarga, impossibility of the three aims

Tatpuruṣa compound (trivarga + asaṃbhava). Asaṃbhava is a negative compound (a + saṃbhava).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (trivarga+asaṃbhava)

• trivarga – the group of three (dharma, artha, kāma)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound (tri + varga).
• asaṃbhava – impossibility, non-occurrence, absence
  noun (masculine)
  Negative compound (a + saṃbhava). Saṃbhava is from sam-bhū (to be, to happen).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute, or locative of condition.

नराः (narāḥ) - men, people, human beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Note: Subject of 'anurudhyante'.