महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-5, chapter-122, verse-49
अजेयो ह्यर्जुनः क्रुद्धः सर्वैरपि सुरासुरैः ।
मानुषैरपि गन्धर्वैर्मा युद्धे चेत आधिथाः ॥४९॥
मानुषैरपि गन्धर्वैर्मा युद्धे चेत आधिथाः ॥४९॥
49. ajeyo hyarjunaḥ kruddhaḥ sarvairapi surāsuraiḥ ,
mānuṣairapi gandharvairmā yuddhe ceta ādhithāḥ.
mānuṣairapi gandharvairmā yuddhe ceta ādhithāḥ.
49.
ajeyaḥ hi arjunaḥ kruddhaḥ sarvaiḥ api surāsuraiḥ
mānuṣaiḥ api gandharvaiḥ mā yuddhe cetaḥ ādithāḥ
mānuṣaiḥ api gandharvaiḥ mā yuddhe cetaḥ ādithāḥ
49.
Indeed, Arjuna, when enraged, is unconquerable even by all gods and asuras, and even by humans and Gandharvas. Do not set your mind on battle.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अजेयः (ajeyaḥ) - unconquerable, invincible, not to be subdued
- हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because
- अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)
- क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious
- सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all, by everyone
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- सुरासुरैः (surāsuraiḥ) - by gods and asuras
- मानुषैः (mānuṣaiḥ) - by humans, by men
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by Gandharvas (celestial musicians)
- मा (mā) - Used as a prohibitive particle with Aorist (luṅ) to express a negative command. (do not, not)
- युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war
- चेतः (cetaḥ) - mind, thought, intellect
- आदिथाः (ādithāḥ) - You (should) fix your mind (on battle). (you should place, you should set, you should fix)
Words meanings and morphology
अजेयः (ajeyaḥ) - unconquerable, invincible, not to be subdued
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ajeya
ajeya - unconquerable, invincible, not to be subdued, unconquered
Gerundive (kṛtya) or Potential Participle
Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer) with the suffix '-ya' (kṛtya) and the negative prefix 'a-'
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jeya)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - jeya – to be conquered, conquerable
adjective (masculine)
Gerundive
Derived from root 'ji' with suffix '-ya'
Root: ji (class 1)
हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because
(indeclinable)
अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna
arjuna - Arjuna (name), white, clear, shining
क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha
kruddha - enraged, angry, furious
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'krudh' with suffix '-ta'
Root: krudh (class 4)
सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all, by everyone
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, complete
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
सुरासुरैः (surāsuraiḥ) - by gods and asuras
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of surāsura
surāsura - gods and asuras (demons)
Compound type : dvandva (sura+asura)
- sura – god, deity
noun (masculine) - asura – demon, anti-god
noun (masculine)
मानुषैः (mānuṣaiḥ) - by humans, by men
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of mānuṣa
mānuṣa - human, man, mankind, human being
Derived from 'manu' with 'a' suffix
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by Gandharvas (celestial musicians)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of gandharva
gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, often musicians)
मा (mā) - Used as a prohibitive particle with Aorist (luṅ) to express a negative command. (do not, not)
(indeclinable)
Prohibitive particle
युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha
yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat
Past Passive Participle (from yudh) used as a noun
Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight)
Root: yudh (class 4)
चेतः (cetaḥ) - mind, thought, intellect
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of cetas
cetas - mind, intellect, consciousness, heart, understanding
From root 'cit' (to perceive, understand)
Root: cit (class 1)
Note: Can also be nominative singular, but here it's the object of the verb 'ādithāḥ'.
आदिथाः (ādithāḥ) - You (should) fix your mind (on battle). (you should place, you should set, you should fix)
(verb)
2nd person , singular, middle, aorist (luṅ) of dhā
Aorist
2nd person singular, Aorist (luṅ), Middle Voice, used here with prohibitive 'mā' particle. Root with prefix 'ā'.
Prefix: ā
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Used here in an injunctive sense (negative command) with 'mā'.