महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-105, verse-8

मा मे हार्षीर्हस्तिनं पुत्रमेनं दुःखात्पुष्टं धृतराष्ट्राकृतज्ञ ।
मित्रं सतां सप्तपदं वदन्ति मित्रद्रोहो नैव राजन्स्पृशेत्त्वाम् ॥८॥

8. mā me hārṣīrhastinaṁ putramenaṁ; duḥkhātpuṣṭaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭrākṛtajña ,
mitraṁ satāṁ saptapadaṁ vadanti; mitradroho naiva rājanspṛśettvām.

8. mā me hārṣīḥ hastinam putram enam
duḥkhāt puṣṭam dhṛtarāṣṭrā akṛtajña
mitram satām saptapadam vadanti
mitradrohaḥ na eva rājan spṛśet tvām

8. dhṛtarāṣṭrā akṛtajña me enam duḥkhāt
puṣṭam putram hastinam mā hārṣīḥ
satām mitram saptapadam vadanti
rājan mitradrohaḥ na eva tvām spṛśet

8. O ungrateful Dhritarashtra, do not seize this elephant, my son, whom I nourished with great difficulty. The virtuous declare friendship after merely seven steps (of association). May the betrayal of a friend certainly not touch you, O King.

Words meanings summery:

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• मे (me) - my (elephant) (my, to me)

• हार्षीः (hārṣīḥ) - do not seize/take away (you would take away, you should take away, you seize)

• हस्तिनम् (hastinam) - this elephant (that is like a son) (elephant)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - (my) son (figuratively for the elephant) (son)

• एनम् (enam) - this (elephant) (this, him)

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - with great difficulty, through hardship (from sorrow, with difficulty)

• पुष्टम् (puṣṭam) - reared (with difficulty) (nourished, strengthened, reared)

• धृतराष्ट्रा (dhṛtarāṣṭrā) - O Dhritarashtra

• अकृतज्ञ (akṛtajña) - ungrateful

• मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

• सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous

• सप्तपदम् (saptapadam) - a friendship defined by seven steps of association (seven steps)

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, they speak, they declare

• मित्रद्रोहः (mitradrohaḥ) - betrayal of a friend, treachery against a friend

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• स्पृशेत् (spṛśet) - may it affect you (may it touch, should it touch, may it affect)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

Words meanings and morphology

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with aorist to express prohibition.

मे (me) - my (elephant) (my, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic genitive/dative singular form of 'asmad'.

हार्षीः (hārṣīḥ) - do not seize/take away (you would take away, you should take away, you seize)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (injunctive) (luṅ) of hṛ

injunctive (aorist)

Injunctive (aorist), 2nd person singular, active voice. Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

हस्तिनम् (hastinam) - this elephant (that is like a son) (elephant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hastin

hastin - elephant

Note: Accusative singular masculine form.

पुत्रम् (putram) - (my) son (figuratively for the elephant) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Accusative singular masculine form.

एनम् (enam) - this (elephant) (this, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Accusative singular masculine form.

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - with great difficulty, through hardship (from sorrow, with difficulty)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, difficulty, pain

Note: Ablative singular neuter form, meaning 'from difficulty' or 'by means of difficulty'.

पुष्टम् (puṣṭam) - reared (with difficulty) (nourished, strengthened, reared)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puṣṭa

puṣṭa - nourished, thriving, strong, reared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'puṣ' (to nourish, thrive).

Root: puṣ (class 4)

Note: Accusative singular masculine form, modifying 'hastinam'.

धृतराष्ट्रा (dhṛtarāṣṭrā) - O Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name)

Note: Vocative singular masculine form of 'Dhritarashtra'.

अकृतज्ञ (akṛtajña) - ungrateful

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of akṛtajña

akṛtajña - ungrateful, unthankful, one who does not know a kindness done

Negative Tatpuruṣa compound: 'a' (not) + 'kṛtajña' (grateful).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṛtajña)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kṛtajña – grateful, knowing what has been done
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'kṛta' (done) and 'jña' (knowing).

Note: Vocative singular masculine form, modifying 'Dhritarashtra'.

मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, alliance

Note: Accusative singular neuter form.

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real

Present Active Participle

Genitive plural masculine/feminine/neuter form of 'sat', the present participle of 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Genitive plural form, used substantively.

सप्तपदम् (saptapadam) - a friendship defined by seven steps of association (seven steps)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saptapada

saptapada - seven steps, friendship established by walking seven steps together

Dvigu compound: 'sapta' (seven) + 'pada' (step).

Compound type : dvigu (sapta+pada)

• sapta – seven
  numeral
• pada – step, foot, word
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative singular neuter form, functions as a predicative noun.

वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, they speak, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vad

present (laṭ)

Present tense (laṭ), 3rd person plural, active voice of the root 'vad'.

Root: vad (class 1)

मित्रद्रोहः (mitradrohaḥ) - betrayal of a friend, treachery against a friend

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mitradroha

mitradroha - betrayal of a friend, treachery against a friend

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'mitra' (friend) + 'droha' (treachery).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mitra+droha)

• mitra – friend
  noun (neuter)
• droha – treachery, injury, malice
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'druh' (to injure, hate).
  Root: druh (class 4)

Note: Nominative singular masculine form.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Vocative singular masculine form.

स्पृशेत् (spṛśet) - may it affect you (may it touch, should it touch, may it affect)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of spṛś

optative (vidhiliṅ)

Optative mood (vidhiliṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice of the root 'spṛś'.

Root: spṛś (class 6)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Accusative singular form of 'yuṣmad'.