महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-105, verse-4

ब्राह्मणो गौतमः कश्चिन्मृदुर्दान्तो जितेन्द्रियः ।
महावने हस्तिशिशुं परिद्यूनममातृकम् ॥४॥

4. brāhmaṇo gautamaḥ kaścinmṛdurdānto jitendriyaḥ ,
mahāvane hastiśiśuṁ paridyūnamamātṛkam.

4. brāhmaṇaḥ Gautamaḥ kaścit mṛduḥ dāntaḥ jitendriyaḥ
mahāvane hastiśiśum paridyūnam amātṛkam

4. kaścit brāhmaṇaḥ Gautamaḥ (āsīt).
(saḥ) mṛduḥ dāntaḥ jitendriyaḥ (āsīt).
mahāvane hastiśiśum paridyūnam amātṛkam (saḥ apaśyat).

4. There was a certain Brahmin named Gautama, who was gentle, self-controlled, and had subdued his senses. (One day, he saw) in a great forest an elephant calf, greatly distressed and motherless.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain, some

• मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle, soft, mild

• दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, subdued, tamed

• जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered or controlled his senses

• महावने (mahāvane) - in a great forest, in a large wilderness

• हस्तिशिशुम् (hastiśiśum) - an elephant calf

• परिद्यूनम् (paridyūnam) - greatly distressed, very sorrowful, emaciated

• अमातृकम् (amātṛkam) - motherless, without a mother

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class, relating to Brahmā or Brahman

Derived from brahman (Veda, prayer, ultimate reality)

Note: Subject of the implied sentence.

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Gautama

Gautama - name of a celebrated sage, descendant of Gotama

Note: Specifies the Brahmin.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain, some

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - a certain, someone, something

Formed from kim (who) + cid (particle)

Note: Modifies 'brāhmaṇaḥ Gautamaḥ'.

मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle, soft, mild

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, mild, gentle, tender

Note: Attributes of Gautama.

दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, subdued, tamed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - tamed, subdued, self-controlled, patient

Past Passive Participle

From √dam (to tame, subdue)

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Attributes of Gautama.

जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered or controlled his senses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jitendriya

jitendriya - one who has conquered his senses, self-controlled

Bahuvrihi compound: jita (conquered) + indriya (sense)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jita+indriya)

• jita – conquered, subdued, won
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Attributes of Gautama.

महावने (mahāvane) - in a great forest, in a large wilderness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest, large wilderness

Compound of mahā (great) + vana (forest)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where the event happened.

हस्तिशिशुम् (hastiśiśum) - an elephant calf

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hastiśiśu

hastiśiśu - elephant calf, young elephant

Compound of hastin (elephant) + śiśu (child)

Compound type : tatpurusha (hastin+śiśu)

• hastin – elephant, having hands/trunks
  noun (masculine)
  From hasta (hand/trunk)
• śiśu – child, infant, young animal
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of an implied verb of seeing/finding.

परिद्यूनम् (paridyūnam) - greatly distressed, very sorrowful, emaciated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paridyūna

paridyūna - greatly distressed, very sad, wasted away, emaciated

Past Passive Participle

From pari-√dyū (to be greatly distressed, wasted)

Prefix: pari

Root: dyū (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'hastiśiśum'.

अमातृकम् (amātṛkam) - motherless, without a mother

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amātṛka

amātṛka - motherless, having no mother

Compound of a (negation) + mātṛka (related to mother)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+mātṛka)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mātṛka – relating to a mother, maternal
  adjective (neuter)
  From mātṛ (mother)

Note: Modifies 'hastiśiśum'.