महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-105, verse-16

गौतम उवाच ।
वैवस्वती संयमनी जनानां यत्रानृतं नोच्यते यत्र सत्यम् ।
यत्राबला बलिनं यातयन्ति तत्र त्वाहं हस्तिनं यातयिष्ये ॥१६॥

16. gautama uvāca ,
vaivasvatī saṁyamanī janānāṁ; yatrānṛtaṁ nocyate yatra satyam ,
yatrābalā balinaṁ yātayanti; tatra tvāhaṁ hastinaṁ yātayiṣye.

16. gautamaḥ uvāca | vaivasvatī saṃyamanī
janānām yatra anṛtam na ucyate yatra
satyam | yatra abalā balinam
yātayanti tatra tvā aham hastinam yātayiṣye

16. gautamaḥ uvāca janānām vaivasvatī saṃyamanī [asti] yatra anṛtam na ucyate,
yatra satyam [ucyate] yatra abalāḥ balinam yātayanti,
tatra aham tvā hastinam yātayiṣye

16. Gautama said: 'In the controlling city (Saṃyamanī) of Yama (Vaivasvatī), for all people, where falsehood is not uttered and truth [alone] prevails, where the weak punish the strong — there I shall send the elephant to you.'

Words meanings summery:

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वैवस्वती (vaivasvatī) - related to Yama (modifying his city) (of Vaivasvata, related to Yama (feminine))

• संयमनी (saṁyamanī) - the city Saṃyamanī, Yama's controlling city (controlling, restraining, the city of Yama (Saṃyamanī))

• जनानाम् (janānām) - governing all people (of people, for people)

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood, untruth

• न (na) - not, no

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is spoken, is said

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth alone (truth)

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

• अबला (abalā) - the weak (persons) (weak women, the weak)

• बलिनम् (balinam) - the powerful (person) (the strong one (accusative))

• यातयन्ति (yātayanti) - they (the weak) punish (the strong) (they punish, they torment, they cause to go)

• तत्र (tatra) - in Yama's city (there, in that place)

• त्वा (tvā) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (you (accusative))

• अहम् (aham) - Gautama (I)

• हस्तिनम् (hastinam) - the elephant that Dhṛtarāṣṭra desires (elephant (accusative))

• यातयिष्ये (yātayiṣye) - I shall send (this elephant) to you (I shall send, I shall cause to go, I shall inflict)

Words meanings and morphology

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Gautama (a proper name, a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active, 3rd person singular

From √vac, perfect tense, 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

वैवस्वती (vaivasvatī) - related to Yama (modifying his city) (of Vaivasvata, related to Yama (feminine))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vaivasvata

vaivasvata - of Vivasvat, Yama; in feminine, referring to Yama's city

Feminine form of Vaivasvata, referring to the city of Yama.

Note: Modifies 'saṃyamanī'.

संयमनी (saṁyamanī) - the city Saṃyamanī, Yama's controlling city (controlling, restraining, the city of Yama (Saṃyamanī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃyamanī

saṁyamanī - restraining, controlling; name of Yama's city

Derived from saṃ-yam ('to restrain, control')

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Here it acts as the name of Yama's city.

जनानाम् (janānām) - governing all people (of people, for people)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood, untruth

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untrue, false, falsehood, lie

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'is spoken'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is spoken, is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

Present Passive, 3rd person singular

From √vac, present tense, 3rd singular passive

Root: vac (class 2)

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth alone (truth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, true, reality

Derived from 'sat' (being, existing, true)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Implies 'ucyate' or 'bhavati' (is, exists). 'where truth is (spoken/prevails)'.

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

अबला (abalā) - the weak (persons) (weak women, the weak)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of abalā

abalā - weak, powerless; a weak woman

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to weak persons, not necessarily only women.

बलिनम् (balinam) - the powerful (person) (the strong one (accusative))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

Derived from 'bala' (strength) with suffix -in

Note: Used as a noun.

यातयन्ति (yātayanti) - they (the weak) punish (the strong) (they punish, they torment, they cause to go)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of yat

Present Active (causative stem), 3rd person plural

From causative stem of √yat, present tense, 3rd plural active. Here implies 'to cause to suffer', 'to punish'.

Root: yat (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - in Yama's city (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

त्वा (tvā) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Vedic form for tvām.

अहम् (aham) - Gautama (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

हस्तिनम् (hastinam) - the elephant that Dhṛtarāṣṭra desires (elephant (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hastin

hastin - elephant (lit. 'having a hand/trunk')

यातयिष्ये (yātayiṣye) - I shall send (this elephant) to you (I shall send, I shall cause to go, I shall inflict)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of yat

Future Middle (causative stem), 1st person singular

From causative stem of √yat ('to strive, go'), future tense, 1st singular middle. Often used in sense of 'to cause to go', 'to send', 'to punish' or 'to inflict'.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: The causative implies 'I shall cause it to go (to you)', hence 'I shall send it to you'.