महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-105, verse-30

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
ये दानशीला न प्रतिगृह्णते सदा न चाप्यर्थानाददते परेभ्यः ।
येषामदेयमर्हते नास्ति किंचित्सर्वातिथ्याः सुप्रसादा जनाश्च ॥३०॥

30. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
ye dānaśīlā na pratigṛhṇate sadā; na cāpyarthānādadate parebhyaḥ ,
yeṣāmadeyamarhate nāsti kiṁci;tsarvātithyāḥ suprasādā janāśca.

30. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ye dānaśīlāḥ na
pratigṛhṇate sadā na ca api arthān ādaddate
parebhyaḥ yeṣām adeyam arhate na asti
kiṃcit sarvātithyāḥ suprasādāḥ janāḥ ca

30. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ye dānaśīlāḥ sadā na
pratigṛhṇate ca api parebhyaḥ arthān
na ādaddate yeṣām arhate adeyam kiṃcit
na asti sarvātithyāḥ suprasādāḥ janāḥ ca

30. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: Those who are by nature ever generous, who neither accept gifts nor take wealth from others, and for whom there is nothing that should not be given to a deserving person; such people are hospitable to all and very benevolent.

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - King Dhritarashtra, the speaker (Dhritarashtra (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• दानशीलाः (dānaśīlāḥ) - generous, charitable, liberal by nature

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रतिगृह्णते (pratigṛhṇate) - they accept (gifts) (they accept, take)

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अर्थान् (arthān) - material wealth or possessions (wealth, things, objects, purposes)

• आदद्दते (ādaddate) - they take (wealth from others) (they take, accept)

• परेभ्यः (parebhyaḥ) - from other people (from others, to others)

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (referring to the people described by `ye`) (whose, for whom, of whom)

• अदेयम् (adeyam) - that which cannot be given away (implying they would give anything) (not to be given, not fit to be given)

• अर्हते (arhate) - to a worthy person, deserving one

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything at all (anything, something, a little)

• सर्वातिथ्याः (sarvātithyāḥ) - hospitable to all, universally hospitable

• सुप्रसादाः (suprasādāḥ) - very gracious, benevolent, kind

• जनाः (janāḥ) - such people (people, men, folk)

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - King Dhritarashtra, the speaker (Dhritarashtra (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of a king, lit. 'he who holds the kingdom')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, borne
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, root reduplication

Root: vac (class 2)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to 'janāḥ' later in the verse.

दानशीलाः (dānaśīlāḥ) - generous, charitable, liberal by nature

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānaśīla

dānaśīla - generous, charitable, liberal by nature

Compound of dāna (gift, giving) and śīla (nature, disposition)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dāna+śīla)

• dāna – giving, gift, charity
  noun (neuter)
  From root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)
• śīla – nature, disposition, character
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `ye` and `janāḥ`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रतिगृह्णते (pratigṛhṇate) - they accept (gifts) (they accept, take)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of pratigrah

Present Middle Indicative

3rd person plural. From root grah (to seize, take) with prefix prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अर्थान् (arthān) - material wealth or possessions (wealth, things, objects, purposes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, object, thing

Note: Object of `ādaddate`.

आदद्दते (ādaddate) - they take (wealth from others) (they take, accept)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of ādā

Present Middle Indicative

3rd person plural. From root dā (to give) with prefix ā- (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

परेभ्यः (parebhyaḥ) - from other people (from others, to others)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, foreign, supreme

Note: Used with verbs of taking/receiving to indicate source (ablative).

येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (referring to the people described by `ye`) (whose, for whom, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

अदेयम् (adeyam) - that which cannot be given away (implying they would give anything) (not to be given, not fit to be given)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adeya

adeya - not to be given, not fit for giving

Gerundive

From root dā (to give) with prefix a- (not) and suffix -ya

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+deya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• deya – to be given, fit for giving
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Serves as the subject of `nāsti`.

अर्हते (arhate) - to a worthy person, deserving one

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of arhat

arhat - worthy, deserving, respectable, an arhat

Present Active Participle (acting as noun)

From root arh (to deserve, be worthy)

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Recipient of implied giving.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything at all (anything, something, a little)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiṃcit

kiṁcit - anything, something, a little

Note: Agrees with `adeyam`.

सर्वातिथ्याः (sarvātithyāḥ) - hospitable to all, universally hospitable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvātithya

sarvātithya - universally hospitable

Compound of sarva (all) and ātithya (hospitality, guest)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+ātithya)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• ātithya – hospitality, host, guest
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `janāḥ`.

सुप्रसादाः (suprasādāḥ) - very gracious, benevolent, kind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suprasāda

suprasāda - very gracious, benevolent, kind

Compound of su (good, very) and prasāda (grace, favor, clearness)

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+prasāda)

• su – good, excellent, very
  indeclinable
• prasāda – grace, favor, clearness, tranquility
  noun (masculine)
  From root sad (to sit) with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `janāḥ`.

जनाः (janāḥ) - such people (people, men, folk)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

Note: The subject of the characteristics described by the relative pronoun `ye`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)