महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-105, verse-39

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
शतवर्षजीवी यश्च शूरो मनुष्यो वेदाध्यायी यश्च यज्वाप्रमत्तः ।
एते सर्वे शक्रलोकं व्रजन्ति परं गन्ता धृतराष्ट्रो न तत्र ॥३९॥

39. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
śatavarṣajīvī yaśca śūro manuṣyo; vedādhyāyī yaśca yajvāpramattaḥ ,
ete sarve śakralokaṁ vrajanti; paraṁ gantā dhṛtarāṣṭro na tatra.

39. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca śatavarṣajīvī yaḥ ca
śūraḥ manuṣyaḥ vedādhyāyī yaḥ ca yajvā
apramattaḥ ete sarve śakralokam
vrajanti param gantā dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ na tatra

39. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca.
yaḥ ca manuṣyaḥ śatavarṣajīvī śūraḥ vedādhyāyī ca apramattaḥ yajvā,
ete sarve śakralokam vrajanti.
dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ na tatra param gantā

39. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "The man who lives for a hundred years, who is brave, who studies the Vedas, and who is a vigilant performer of Vedic rituals (yajña) – all these go to Indra's world. Dhṛtarāṣṭra will not go to that supreme destination."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शतवर्षजीवी (śatavarṣajīvī) - one who lives for a hundred years

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, heroic

• मनुष्यः (manuṣyaḥ) - man, human being

• वेदाध्यायी (vedādhyāyī) - one who studies the Vedas

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and

• यज्वा (yajvā) - one who performs a Vedic ritual (yajña)

• अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, careful, not negligent

• एते (ete) - these (masculine plural)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, entire

• शक्रलोकम् (śakralokam) - to Indra's world

• व्रजन्ति (vrajanti) - they go

• परम् (param) - supreme, ultimate

• गन्ता (gantā) - will go, a goer

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• न (na) - not, no

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

compound 'one whose kingdom is sustained/held' (dhṛta-rāṣṭra)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, sustained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

शतवर्षजीवी (śatavarṣajīvī) - one who lives for a hundred years

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatavarṣajīvin

śatavarṣajīvin - one living for a hundred years

Compound 'śata-varṣa-jīvin'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+varṣa+jīvin)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)
• jīvin – living, alive, one who lives
  adjective
  Nominal derivative / Agent noun
  Derived from root jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'manuṣyaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to 'manuṣyaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, heroic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Agrees with 'manuṣyaḥ'.

मनुष्यः (manuṣyaḥ) - man, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being

Note: Main subject of the relative clause.

वेदाध्यायी (vedādhyāyī) - one who studies the Vedas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vedādhyāyin

vedādhyāyin - Vedic student, one who studies the Vedas

Compound 'veda-adhyāyin'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+adhyāyin)

• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• adhyāyin – reader, student, one who studies
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From adhi-i (to study).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: iṇ (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'manuṣyaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to 'manuṣyaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

यज्वा (yajvā) - one who performs a Vedic ritual (yajña)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yajvan

yajvan - performer of a `yajña` (Vedic ritual), sacrificer

From root yaj (to perform `yajña`).

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'manuṣyaḥ'.

अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, careful, not negligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - not careless, careful, vigilant, attentive

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Negation of pramatta (from pra-mad, intoxicated, careless).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pramatta – careless, negligent, intoxicated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-mad (to be negligent).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'manuṣyaḥ'.

एते (ete) - these (masculine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to 'all these' categories of men.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, entire

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Agrees with 'ete'.

शक्रलोकम् (śakralokam) - to Indra's world

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakraloka

śakraloka - Indra's world/realm

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śakra+loka)

• śakra – Indra (epithet)
  proper noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Object of motion for 'vrajanti'.

व्रजन्ति (vrajanti) - they go

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vraj

Present Active

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'ete sarve'.

परम् (param) - supreme, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, beyond, supreme, highest, ultimate

Note: Modifies 'gatim' (feminine, from previous context), here used in neuter singular accusative possibly implying 'param sthānam' or adverbial use 'supremely'.

गन्ता (gantā) - will go, a goer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gantṛ

gantṛ - goer, one who goes, destined to go

future agent noun

From root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The agent noun 'gantṛ' functions as a future verb.

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

compound 'one whose kingdom is sustained/held' (dhṛta-rāṣṭra)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, sustained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'gantā'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to 'that supreme destination'.