महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-105, verse-43

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
यो गोसहस्री शतदः समां समां यो गोशती दश दद्याच्च शक्त्या ।
तथा दशभ्यो यश्च दद्यादिहैकां पञ्चभ्यो वा दानशीलस्तथैकाम् ॥४३॥

43. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
yo gosahasrī śatadaḥ samāṁ samāṁ; yo gośatī daśa dadyācca śaktyā ,
tathā daśabhyo yaśca dadyādihaikāṁ; pañcabhyo vā dānaśīlastathaikām.

43. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca yaḥ gosahasrī śatadaḥ
samām samām yaḥ gośatī daśa dadyāt ca
śaktyā tathā daśabhyaḥ yaḥ ca dadyāt
iha ekām pañcabhyaḥ vā dānaśīlaḥ tathā ekām

43. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca yaḥ gosahasrī śatadaḥ samām samām (dadāti),
yaḥ ca śaktyā gośatī daśa dadyāt,
tathā yaḥ ca iha daśabhyaḥ ekām dadyāt,
vā pañcabhyaḥ tathā ekām (dadāti),
(saḥ) dānaśīlaḥ (bhavati)

43. Dhritarashtra said: "He who gives a thousand cows, and a hundred (cows) year after year; and he who gives a hundred and ten cows according to his ability; likewise, he who gives one (cow) to ten (deserving recipients) here, or one (cow) to five (recipients) – such a one is truly generous."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यः (yaḥ) - he who, who

• गोसहस्री (gosahasrī) - one who gives a thousand cows

• शतदः (śatadaḥ) - giver of a hundred cows (giver of a hundred)

• समाम् (samām) - year after year (repeated 'samām samām') (year (accusative))

• समाम् (samām) - year after year (repeated 'samām samām') (year (accusative))

• यः (yaḥ) - he who, who

• गोशती (gośatī) - a hundred cows (as a donation) (a hundred cows)

• दश (daśa) - ten

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - may give, should give

• च (ca) - and, also

• शक्त्या (śaktyā) - by ability, according to one's power

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, thus, so

• दशभ्यः (daśabhyaḥ) - to ten deserving recipients (e.g., Brahmins) (to ten)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who, who

• च (ca) - and, also

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - may give, should give

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• एकाम् (ekām) - one cow (feminine accusative) (one)

• पञ्चभ्यः (pañcabhyaḥ) - to five deserving recipients (to five)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• दानशीलः (dānaśīlaḥ) - habitually generous, charitable

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, thus, so

• एकाम् (ekām) - one cow (feminine accusative) (one)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of a king, literally 'one who holds the kingdom')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, borne
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, nation
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - he who, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

गोसहस्री (gosahasrī) - one who gives a thousand cows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gosahasrin

gosahasrin - possessing a thousand cows; one who gives a thousand cows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+sahasra)

• go – cow, ox, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• sahasra – a thousand
  numeral (neuter)

शतदः (śatadaḥ) - giver of a hundred cows (giver of a hundred)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatada

śatada - giver of a hundred

Compound of 'śata' (hundred) and '-da' (giver, from root 'dā' to give).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śata+da)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• da – giver, bestower
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'dā'.
  Root: dā (class 3)

समाम् (samām) - year after year (repeated 'samām samām') (year (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samā

samā - year, season

समाम् (samām) - year after year (repeated 'samām samām') (year (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samā

samā - year, season

यः (yaḥ) - he who, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

गोशती (gośatī) - a hundred cows (as a donation) (a hundred cows)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gośatī

gośatī - a hundred cows, a herd of a hundred cows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+śata)

• go – cow, ox, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - may give, should give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शक्त्या (śaktyā) - by ability, according to one's power

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, ability, strength, energy

तथा (tathā) - likewise, thus, so

(indeclinable)

दशभ्यः (daśabhyaḥ) - to ten deserving recipients (e.g., Brahmins) (to ten)

(numeral)

यः (yaḥ) - he who, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - may give, should give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

एकाम् (ekām) - one cow (feminine accusative) (one)

(numeral)

पञ्चभ्यः (pañcabhyaḥ) - to five deserving recipients (to five)

(numeral)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

दानशीलः (dānaśīlaḥ) - habitually generous, charitable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānaśīla

dānaśīla - of a liberal or generous disposition, charitable, munificent

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dāna+śīla)

• dāna – giving, gift, donation, liberality
  noun (neuter)
• śīla – disposition, nature, character, habit, conduct
  noun (neuter)

तथा (tathā) - likewise, thus, so

(indeclinable)

एकाम् (ekām) - one cow (feminine accusative) (one)

(numeral)