महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-105, verse-42

गौतम उवाच ।
ततः परं भान्ति लोकाः सनातनाः सुपुण्यगन्धा विरजा वीतशोकाः ।
तस्मिन्नहं दुर्लभे त्वाप्रधृष्ये गवां लोके हस्तिनं यातयिष्ये ॥४२॥

42. gautama uvāca ,
tataḥ paraṁ bhānti lokāḥ sanātanāḥ; supuṇyagandhā virajā vītaśokāḥ ,
tasminnahaṁ durlabhe tvāpradhṛṣye; gavāṁ loke hastinaṁ yātayiṣye.

42. gautamaḥ uvāca tataḥ param bhānti
lokāḥ sanātanāḥ supuṇyagandhāḥ virajāḥ
vītaśokāḥ tasmin aham durlabhe
tvāpradhṛṣye gavām loke hastinam yātayiṣye

42. gautamaḥ uvāca tataḥ param lokāḥ
sanātanāḥ supuṇyagandhāḥ virajāḥ vītaśokāḥ
bhānti tasmin durlabhe tvāpradhṛṣye
gavām loke aham hastinam yātayiṣye

42. Gautama said: "Beyond that, eternal worlds shine, imbued with the fragrance of abundant merit, free from impurity and sorrow. In that world of cows (goloka), which is difficult to attain and unassailable (even by you), I will send an elephant (i.e., make a great and powerful contribution)."

Words meanings summery:

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - thence, from that, then

• परम् (param) - beyond, further, supreme

• भान्ति (bhānti) - shine, appear

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - celestial worlds (worlds, realms)

• सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal, perpetual

• सुपुण्यगन्धाः (supuṇyagandhāḥ) - having the fragrance of great merit

• विरजाः (virajāḥ) - free from impurity/dust

• वीतशोकाः (vītaśokāḥ) - free from sorrow

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that world (loka) (in that)

• अहम् (aham) - Gautama (speaker) (I)

• दुर्लभे (durlabhe) - difficult to attain (referring to the world of cows) (difficult to obtain/reach)

• त्वाप्रधृष्ये (tvāpradhṛṣye) - in the world of cows (goloka) that is unassailable for you (Dhritarashtra or anyone) (unassailable for you)

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• लोके (loke) - in the world of cows (goloka) (in the world)

• हस्तिनम् (hastinam) - an elephant (as a symbol of a great offering or powerful presence) (elephant)

• यातयिष्ये (yātayiṣye) - I will send (i.e., make a great contribution/effort) (I will send, I will cause to go)

Words meanings and morphology

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Gautama (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - thence, from that, then

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - beyond, further, supreme

(indeclinable)

भान्ति (bhānti) - shine, appear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of bhā

Root: bhā (class 2)

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - celestial worlds (worlds, realms)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, division of the universe

सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal, perpetual

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, primeval, ancient

सुपुण्यगन्धाः (supuṇyagandhāḥ) - having the fragrance of great merit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of supuṇyagandha

supuṇyagandha - having the fragrance of great or good deeds/merit

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+puṇya+gandha)

• su – good, excellent, well
  indeclinable
• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed, sacred
  noun (neuter)
• gandha – smell, fragrance, scent
  noun (masculine)

विरजाः (virajāḥ) - free from impurity/dust

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of virajas

virajas - free from dust, free from impurity or passion (rajas)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+rajas)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
• rajas – dust, dirt, impurity, passion, menstrual fluid
  noun (neuter)

वीतशोकाः (vītaśokāḥ) - free from sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vītaśoka

vītaśoka - free from sorrow or grief

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vīta+śoka)

• vīta – gone, disappeared, passed away
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that world (loka) (in that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

अहम् (aham) - Gautama (speaker) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (first person pronoun)

दुर्लभे (durlabhe) - difficult to attain (referring to the world of cows) (difficult to obtain/reach)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of durlabha

durlabha - difficult to obtain, rare, hard to find

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+labha)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• labha – obtaining, acquisition, to be obtained
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root labh
  Root: labh (class 1)

त्वाप्रधृष्ये (tvāpradhṛṣye) - in the world of cows (goloka) that is unassailable for you (Dhritarashtra or anyone) (unassailable for you)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tvāpradhṛṣya

tvāpradhṛṣya - unassailable by/for you

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tvā+apradhṛṣya)

• tvā – you (accusative singular)
  pronoun
• apradhṛṣya – unassailable, invincible, not to be attacked
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/potential passive participle (negative)
  Negation ('a') of 'pradhṛṣya' (assailable). 'pradhṛṣya' is a potential passive participle derived from root 'dhṛṣ' with prefix 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, ray of light, earth

लोके (loke) - in the world of cows (goloka) (in the world)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, division of the universe

हस्तिनम् (hastinam) - an elephant (as a symbol of a great offering or powerful presence) (elephant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hastin

hastin - elephant (literally 'having a hand/trunk')

यातयिष्ये (yātayiṣye) - I will send (i.e., make a great contribution/effort) (I will send, I will cause to go)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of yāt

Causative future

Future tense, causative of root 'yat'.

Root: yat (class 1)