महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-9, verse-8

ते तं शयानं संप्रेक्ष्य राजानमतथोचितम् ।
अविषह्येन दुःखेन ततस्ते रुरुदुस्त्रयः ॥८॥

8. te taṁ śayānaṁ saṁprekṣya rājānamatathocitam ,
aviṣahyena duḥkhena tataste rurudustrayaḥ.

8. te taṃ śayānaṃ samprekṣya rājānam atathocitam
aviṣahyeṇa duḥkhena tataḥ te ruruduḥ trayaḥ

8. te trayaḥ taṃ śayānaṃ atathocitam rājānam
samprekṣya aviṣahyeṇa duḥkhena tataḥ ruruduḥ

8. Seeing him, the king, lying there in such an unfitting state, those three then wept with unbearable sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• तं (taṁ) - him, that

• शयानं (śayānaṁ) - lying, sleeping

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen, perceiving

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• अतथोचितम् (atathocitam) - in an unfitting state, improper

• अविषह्येण (aviṣahyeṇa) - by unbearable

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, by suffering

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that

• ते (te) - those, they

• रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - wept, cried

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तं (taṁ) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शयानं (śayānaṁ) - lying, sleeping

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayana

śayana - lying, sleeping

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root śī (to lie down) with śānac suffix, acting as an adjective.

Root: śī (class 2)

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefixes sam and pra before the root īkṣ, and the suffix -ya for absolutive.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

अतथोचितम् (atathocitam) - in an unfitting state, improper

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atathocita

atathocita - unbefitting, improper, unsuitable, not as it should be

Compound of 'a' (negative particle) and 'tathocita' (proper in that way).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tathā+ucita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• tathā – so, thus, in that manner
  indeclinable
• ucita – proper, fitting, suitable, appropriate
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root vac (to speak), here in the sense of 'what is said to be proper'.
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rājānam'.

अविषह्येण (aviṣahyeṇa) - by unbearable

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of aviṣahya

aviṣahya - unbearable, irresistible, difficult to endure

Gerundive

Compound of 'a' (negative particle) and 'viṣahya' (bearable, from root sah with vi prefix).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+viṣahya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• viṣahya – to be borne, bearable, endurable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  Derived from the root sah (to bear, endure) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sah (class 1)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, by suffering

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, unhappiness, distress

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - wept, cried

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of rud

Root: rud (class 2)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral adjective)