महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-9, verse-16

भयान्नमन्ति राजानो यस्य स्म शतसंघशः ।
स वीरशयने शेते क्रव्याद्भिः परिवारितः ॥१६॥

16. bhayānnamanti rājāno yasya sma śatasaṁghaśaḥ ,
sa vīraśayane śete kravyādbhiḥ parivāritaḥ.

16. bhayāt namanti rājānaḥ yasya sma śatasaṃghaśaḥ
saḥ vīraśayane śete kravyādbhiḥ parivāritaḥ

16. yasya bhayāt rājānaḥ śatasaṃghaśaḥ namanti sma
saḥ kravyādbhiḥ parivāritaḥ vīraśayane śete

16. He, before whom kings formerly bowed in hundreds out of fear, now lies on the hero's bed, surrounded by carrion-eaters.

Words meanings summery:

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to fear

• नमन्ति (namanti) - they bow, they salute, they submit

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

• शतसंघशः (śatasaṁghaśaḥ) - in hundreds, by hundreds of multitudes

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• वीरशयने (vīraśayane) - on the battlefield (where a hero lies fallen) (on the hero's bed, on the battlefield)

• शेते (śete) - he lies, he sleeps

• क्रव्याद्भिः (kravyādbhiḥ) - by scavenging animals/birds (by carrion-eaters, by flesh-eaters)

• परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

Words meanings and morphology

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

नमन्ति (namanti) - they bow, they salute, they submit

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of nam

Present Indicative

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Used with 'sma' to indicate past habitual action.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'namanti'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the main subject of the verse (the slain king).

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

Note: Turns present tense verb 'namanti' into a past habitual action.

शतसंघशः (śatasaṁghaśaḥ) - in hundreds, by hundreds of multitudes

(indeclinable)

Derived from śatasaṃgha (hundreds of groups) with the suffix -śas indicating 'in groups of' or 'by means of'

Compound type : adv. suffix (śata+saṃgha)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• saṃgha – multitude, group, assembly
  noun (masculine)
  From root han with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Adverbial usage.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the slain king.

वीरशयने (vīraśayane) - on the battlefield (where a hero lies fallen) (on the hero's bed, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vīraśayana

vīraśayana - hero's bed (i.e., a battlefield where a hero has fallen)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vīra+śayana)

• vīra – hero, warrior
  noun (masculine)
• śayana – bed, lying down
  noun (neuter)
  From root śī 'to lie down'
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: A poetic expression for the battlefield.

शेते (śete) - he lies, he sleeps

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present Indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice

Root: śī (class 2)

क्रव्याद्भिः (kravyādbhiḥ) - by scavenging animals/birds (by carrion-eaters, by flesh-eaters)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kravyād

kravyād - carrion-eater, flesh-eater (e.g., vultures, jackals)

Derived from kravya (raw flesh) + ad (eating)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (kravya+ad)

• kravya – raw flesh, carrion
  noun (neuter)
• ad – eating, eater
  noun/agent noun (masculine)
  From root ad 'to eat'
  Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Agent of 'surrounded'.

परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, encompassed, covered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.