महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-9, verse-15

येनाजौ निहता भूमावशेरत पुरा द्विषः ।
स भूमौ निहतः शेते कुरुराजः परैरयम् ॥१५॥

15. yenājau nihatā bhūmāvaśerata purā dviṣaḥ ,
sa bhūmau nihataḥ śete kururājaḥ parairayam.

15. yena ājau nihatāḥ bhūmau aśerata purā dviṣaḥ
saḥ bhūmau nihataḥ śete kururājaḥ paraiḥ ayam

15. yena ājau purā dviṣaḥ nihatāḥ bhūmau aśerata
ayam saḥ kururājaḥ paraiḥ nihataḥ bhūmau śete

15. By whom enemies were formerly slain in battle and lay on the ground—that very king of the Kurus now lies slain on the ground by his enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in assembly)

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - slain, killed, struck down

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the earth, on the ground, in the land

• अशेरत (aśerata) - they lay, they slept

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

• द्विषः (dviṣaḥ) - enemies, haters

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the earth, on the ground, in the land

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain, killed, struck down

• शेते (śete) - he lies, he sleeps

• कुरुराजः (kururājaḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (king of the Kurus)

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by his enemies (by others, by enemies)

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the main subject of the verse.

आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in assembly)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, fight, contest, assembly

Root: aj (class 1)

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - slain, killed, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'dviṣaḥ'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the earth, on the ground, in the land

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

अशेरत (aśerata) - they lay, they slept

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of śī

Imperfect

3rd person plural, imperfect tense, middle voice

Root: śī (class 2)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

द्विषः (dviṣaḥ) - enemies, haters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dviṣ

dviṣ - enemy, hater

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: From root dviṣ 'to hate'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king of the Kurus.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the earth, on the ground, in the land

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain, killed, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' and 'kururājaḥ'.

शेते (śete) - he lies, he sleeps

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present Indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice

Root: śī (class 2)

कुरुराजः (kururājaḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (king of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kururāja

kururāja - king of the Kurus

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kuru+rāja)

• kuru – name of an ancient tribe and kingdom
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root rāj 'to rule'
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

परैः (paraiḥ) - by his enemies (by others, by enemies)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, supreme, enemy

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas and their allies.

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Emphasizes "this (very) one".