महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-9, verse-14

यो वै मूर्धावसिक्तानामग्रे यातः परंतपः ।
स हतो ग्रसते पांसून्पश्य कालस्य पर्ययम् ॥१४॥

14. yo vai mūrdhāvasiktānāmagre yātaḥ paraṁtapaḥ ,
sa hato grasate pāṁsūnpaśya kālasya paryayam.

14. yaḥ vai mūrdhāvasiktānām agre yātaḥ paraṃtapaḥ
saḥ hataḥ grasate pāṃsūn paśya kālasya paryayam

14. yaḥ vai mūrdhāvasiktānām agre yātaḥ paraṃtapaḥ
saḥ hataḥ pāṃsūn grasate paśya kālasya paryayam

14. Indeed, he who was the foremost among anointed kings, the tormentor of enemies, now, slain, devours dust. Behold the reversal of time!

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• मूर्धावसिक्तानाम् (mūrdhāvasiktānām) - of those whose heads are anointed, of consecrated ones, of kings

• अग्रे (agre) - in front, at the head, previously, foremost

• यातः (yātaḥ) - was foremost, led (gone, arrived, become, leading)

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain, destroyed

• ग्रसते (grasate) - he devours, swallows, seizes

• पांसून् (pāṁsūn) - dust, particles of dust

• पश्य (paśya) - behold, see, look

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, of the right moment

• पर्ययम् (paryayam) - reversal, adverse turn (change, reversal, reverse, vicissitude)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

मूर्धावसिक्तानाम् (mūrdhāvasiktānām) - of those whose heads are anointed, of consecrated ones, of kings

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mūrdhāvasikta

mūrdhāvasikta - anointed on the head, consecrated, crowned (king)

Past Passive Participle

derived from mūrdhan (head) + avasikta (anointed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mūrdhan+avasikta)

• mūrdhan – head, top
  noun (masculine)
• avasikta – anointed, sprinkled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sic with prefix ava
  Prefix: ava
  Root: sic (class 7)

Note: Used substantively to mean "of kings/princes".

अग्रे (agre) - in front, at the head, previously, foremost

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative singular of agra, used adverbially.

यातः (yātaḥ) - was foremost, led (gone, arrived, become, leading)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, proceeded, attained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used here in an active sense, "who went".

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormenting enemies, subduer of foes (an epithet)

Derived from param (enemy) + tapa (one who burns/torments)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• para – other, enemy
  pronoun/noun (masculine)
• tapa – one who heats, torments, performs austerity
  noun/agent noun (masculine)
  From root tap 'to heat, torment'
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet for a powerful warrior or king.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to the person described earlier.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Describes the state of 'saḥ'.

ग्रसते (grasate) - he devours, swallows, seizes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of gras

Present Indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice

Root: gras (class 1)

पांसून् (pāṁsūn) - dust, particles of dust

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṃsu

pāṁsu - dust, sand, earth

पश्य (paśya) - behold, see, look

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative

2nd person singular, present tense, active voice. Root dṛś takes substitute paśya in present stem.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, of the right moment

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, black, death

पर्ययम् (paryayam) - reversal, adverse turn (change, reversal, reverse, vicissitude)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paryaya

paryaya - reversal, change, turn, vicissitude

Derived from pari-i 'to go around, change'

Prefix: pari

Root: i (class 2)