महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-9, verse-18

संजय उवाच ।
तं शयानं नृपश्रेष्ठं ततो भरतसत्तम ।
अश्वत्थामा समालोक्य करुणं पर्यदेवयत् ॥१८॥

18. saṁjaya uvāca ,
taṁ śayānaṁ nṛpaśreṣṭhaṁ tato bharatasattama ,
aśvatthāmā samālokya karuṇaṁ paryadevayat.

18. sañjayaḥ uvāca | tam śayānam nṛpaśreṣṭham tataḥ
bharatasattama | aśvatthāmā samālokya karuṇam paryadevayat

18. sañjayaḥ uvāca bharatasattama tataḥ aśvatthāmā tam
nṛpaśreṣṭham śayānam samālokya karuṇam paryadevayat

18. Sañjaya said: O best among the Bharatas (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), Aśvatthāmā, having seen that best of kings (Duryodhana) lying there, lamented piteously.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - referring to Duryodhana (him, that)

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying wounded (lying, sleeping)

• नृपश्रेष्ठम् (nṛpaśreṣṭham) - Duryodhana (best of kings)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O best of Bharatas)

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā (proper name)

• समालोक्य (samālokya) - having seen, having perceived

• करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously (piteously, mournfully, compassionately)

• पर्यदेवयत् (paryadevayat) - lamented, wailed

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - victorious, conqueror; a proper name

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular, root vac, irregular formation

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - referring to Duryodhana (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying wounded (lying, sleeping)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayana

śayana - lying, sleeping, a bed

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śī (to lie down) with śānac suffix, used as an adjective.

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with tam nṛpaśreṣṭham.

नृपश्रेष्ठम् (nṛpaśreṣṭham) - Duryodhana (best of kings)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpaśreṣṭha

nṛpaśreṣṭha - best of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+śreṣṭha)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative form of praśasya/praśasta

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best among the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a member of the Bharata clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative suffix -tama

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Aśvatthāmā, son of Droṇa

समालोक्य (samālokya) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root lok (to see) with prefixes sam- and ā-, and suffix -lyaP (gerund).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: lok (class 10)

करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously (piteously, mournfully, compassionately)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

पर्यदेवयत् (paryadevayat) - lamented, wailed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dev

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person singular, root dev, with prefix pari- and ā- (implicitly, as pari-ādi-dev is a compound verb)

Prefixes: pari+ā

Root: dev (class 1)

Note: From pari + ā + √dev.