महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-9, verse-19

आहुस्त्वां राजशार्दूल मुख्यं सर्वधनुष्मताम् ।
धनाध्यक्षोपमं युद्धे शिष्यं संकर्षणस्य ह ॥१९॥

19. āhustvāṁ rājaśārdūla mukhyaṁ sarvadhanuṣmatām ,
dhanādhyakṣopamaṁ yuddhe śiṣyaṁ saṁkarṣaṇasya ha.

19. āhuḥ tvām rājaśārdūla mukhyam sarvadhanuṣmatām |
dhanādhyakṣopamam yuddhe śiṣyam saṃkarṣaṇasya ha

19. rājaśārdūla ha āhuḥ tvām sarvadhanuṣmatām mukhyam,
yuddhe dhanādhyakṣopamam,
saṃkarṣaṇasya śiṣyam

19. O tiger among kings, indeed people called you the foremost of all archers, comparable to Kubera, the lord of wealth, in battle, and a disciple of Saṃkarṣaṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they called (they said, they speak, they call)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - Duryodhana (accusative) (you (accusative))

• राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - Addressed to Duryodhana (O tiger among kings, O best of kings)

• मुख्यम् (mukhyam) - the foremost (chief, principal, foremost)

• सर्वधनुष्मताम् (sarvadhanuṣmatām) - of all archers, of all those bearing bows

• धनाध्यक्षोपमम् (dhanādhyakṣopamam) - comparable to the lord of wealth (Kubera)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• शिष्यम् (śiṣyam) - disciple, student

• संकर्षणस्य (saṁkarṣaṇasya) - of Balarāma, the elder brother of Krishna (of Saṃkarṣaṇa)

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily

Words meanings and morphology

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they called (they said, they speak, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person plural, irregular formation of √vac. From BR root ah.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Derived from √vac, but uses root ah in perfect forms.

त्वाम् (tvām) - Duryodhana (accusative) (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - Addressed to Duryodhana (O tiger among kings, O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājaśārdūla

rājaśārdūla - tiger among kings, best of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+śārdūla)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Duryodhana.

मुख्यम् (mukhyam) - the foremost (chief, principal, foremost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mukhya

mukhya - principal, chief, foremost

Note: Agrees with tvām.

सर्वधनुष्मताम् (sarvadhanuṣmatām) - of all archers, of all those bearing bows

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvadhanuṣmat

sarvadhanuṣmat - possessing all bows, (collectively) all archers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sarva+dhanuṣmat)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• dhanuṣmat – one possessing a bow, an archer
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from dhanuṣ (bow) with matup suffix.

धनाध्यक्षोपमम् (dhanādhyakṣopamam) - comparable to the lord of wealth (Kubera)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanādhyakṣopama

dhanādhyakṣopama - comparable to the lord of wealth, like Kubera

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+adhyakṣa+upama)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• adhyakṣa – superintendent, chief, overseer
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi + akṣ (eye, sense)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: akṣ
• upama – likeness, comparison; similar, equal to
  adjective

Note: Agrees with tvām. Refers to Kubera, the god of wealth.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

From √yudh (to fight), used as a noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

शिष्यम् (śiṣyam) - disciple, student

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, pupil

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From √śās (to teach, instruct) with suffix -ya (kyaP).

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Agrees with tvām.

संकर्षणस्य (saṁkarṣaṇasya) - of Balarāma, the elder brother of Krishna (of Saṃkarṣaṇa)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saṃkarṣaṇa

saṁkarṣaṇa - Saṃkarṣaṇa (name of Balarāma); drawing together, ploughing

From sam + kṛṣ (to draw, plough).

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Balarāma.

ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.