योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-89, verse-4

सुखदुःखक्रमैरात्मा न कदाचन गृह्यते ।
सर्वगोऽपि महाबाहो किं मुधा परिशोचसि ॥ ४ ॥

sukhaduḥkhakramairātmā na kadācana gṛhyate ,
sarvago'pi mahābāho kiṃ mudhā pariśocasi 4

4. sukhaduḥkhakramaiḥ ātmā na kadācana gṛhyate
sarvagaḥ api mahābāho kim mudhā pariśocasi

4. mahābāho sukhaduḥkhakramaiḥ ātmā na kadācana
gṛhyate api sarvagaḥ kim mudhā pariśocasi

4. The self (ātman) is never grasped or affected by the cycles of joy and sorrow. O mighty-armed one, even though it is all-pervading, why do you grieve in vain?

Words meanings summery:

• सुखदुःखक्रमैः (sukhaduḥkhakramaiḥ) - by cycles of joy and sorrow, by sequences of pleasure and pain

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the self, the soul, the individual essence

• न (na) - not, no

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, never (when with na)

• गृह्यते (gṛhyate) - is grasped, is seized, is taken, is affected

• सर्वगः (sarvagaḥ) - all-pervading, omnipresent

• अपि (api) - even though (also, even, indeed)

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - Refers to the addressed person, a valorous individual (O mighty-armed one)

• किम् (kim) - why (as an interrogative adverb) (what, why)

• मुधा (mudhā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

• परिशोचसि (pariśocasi) - you grieve, you lament

Words meanings and morphology

सुखदुःखक्रमैः (sukhaduḥkhakramaiḥ) - by cycles of joy and sorrow, by sequences of pleasure and pain

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sukhaduḥkhakrama

sukhaduḥkhakrama - sequence of joy and sorrow, cycle of pleasure and pain

Compound type : tatpurusha (sukha+duḥkha+krama)

• sukha – joy, pleasure, happiness
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• krama – sequence, order, series, cycle, step
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kram (class 1)

आत्मा (ātmā) - the self, the soul, the individual essence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life-breath

Root: an (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, never (when with na)

(indeclinable)

From interrogative pronoun base 'ka' + 'dā' (time suffix) + 'cana' (indefinite suffix).

गृह्यते (gṛhyate) - is grasped, is seized, is taken, is affected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of gṛh

Present Passive

From root gṛh. Present tense, passive voice, third person singular.

Root: gṛh (class 9)

सर्वगः (sarvagaḥ) - all-pervading, omnipresent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvaga

sarvaga - all-going, omnipresent, all-pervading

From sarva (all) + gam (to go) + kṛt affix -a.

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+ga)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, leading to
  adjective (masculine)
  kṛt affix -a
  Derived from the root 'gam' (to go) with the suffix '-a'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

अपि (api) - even though (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - Refers to the addressed person, a valorous individual (O mighty-armed one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
  From 'mahat' (great). Used as a combining form.
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

किम् (kim) - why (as an interrogative adverb) (what, why)

(indeclinable)

Can be a neuter nominative/accusative singular pronoun, or an indeclinable interrogative adverb.

मुधा (mudhā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

(indeclinable)

Root: muh (class 4)

परिशोचसि (pariśocasi) - you grieve, you lament

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pariśuc

Present Active

From root śuc (to sorrow) with prefix pari. Present tense, active voice, second person singular.

Prefix: pari

Root: śuc (class 1)