योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-42

ददर्श तस्य पर्यन्ते तमेव श्वपचालयम् ।
अधस्ताद्भूवनस्येव पाताले नरकव्रजम् ॥ ४२ ॥

dadarśa tasya paryante tameva śvapacālayam ,
adhastādbhūvanasyeva pātāle narakavrajam 42

42. dadarśa tasya paryante tam eva śvapacālayaṁ
adhastāt bhuvanasya iva pātāle naraka-vrajam

42. tasya paryante tam eva śvapacālayaṁ dadarśa
pātāle bhuvanasya adhastāt iva naraka-vrajam

42. At its extremity, he perceived that very dwelling of outcastes (śvapacālaya), resembling a multitude of hells (naraka-vraja) in Pātāla, as if situated beneath the world (bhuvana).

Words meanings summery:

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he perceived

• तस्य (tasya) - of the illusory phenomenon described previously (of that, its)

• पर्यन्ते (paryante) - at the end, at the boundary, at the extremity

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• एव (eva) - very, indeed, only

• श्वपचालयं (śvapacālayaṁ) - the dwelling of outcastes (dog-eaters)

• अधस्तात् (adhastāt) - below, underneath

• भुवनस्य (bhuvanasya) - of the world, of the earth

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पाताले (pātāle) - in Pātāla (the netherworld)

• नरक-व्रजम् (naraka-vrajam) - a multitude of hells

Words meanings and morphology

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, from root 'dṛś'. Reduplicated stem 'dadarś'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject implied, same as in previous verses.

तस्य (tasya) - of the illusory phenomenon described previously (of that, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the 'illusory phenomenon' (`bhramakam`) from the previous verse.

पर्यन्ते (paryante) - at the end, at the boundary, at the extremity

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of paryanta

paryanta - end, boundary, extremity, limit

From root 'ant' with prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: ant (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

Note: Refers to `śvapacālayaṁ`, which is masculine here.

एव (eva) - very, indeed, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

श्वपचालयं (śvapacālayaṁ) - the dwelling of outcastes (dog-eaters)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvapacālaya

śvapacālaya - dwelling/house of a dog-eater or outcaste; a miserable or low place

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvapac+ālaya)

• śvapac – dog-eater, an outcaste
  noun (masculine)
  Compound 'śvan' (dog) + 'pac' (cook/eat).
• ālaya – dwelling, house, abode
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'lī' with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Object of `dadarśa`.

अधस्तात् (adhastāt) - below, underneath

(indeclinable)

Ablative ending '-tāt' added to 'adha' (below).

Note: Governs `bhuvanasya`.

भुवनस्य (bhuvanasya) - of the world, of the earth

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of bhuvana

bhuvana - world, earth, realm, dwelling

From root 'bhū' (to be, exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Governed by `adhastāt`.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

पाताले (pātāle) - in Pātāla (the netherworld)

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pātāla

pātāla - Pātāla, the netherworld, one of the seven regions below the earth

Note: Locative of place, where the hells are.

नरक-व्रजम् (naraka-vrajam) - a multitude of hells

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naraka-vraja

naraka-vraja - a group/multitude of hells

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (naraka+vraja)

• naraka – hell, torment, the infernal region
  noun (masculine)
• vraja – herd, multitude, assembly, region
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vraj' (to go).
  Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Object of implied comparison, what the `śvapacālaya` resembles. Also accusative, similar to `śvapacālayaṁ`.