योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-4

अयं सोऽहमिदं कार्यमिदं नेति ददर्श ह ।
निशाव्यपगमे लोको यथा क्षीणे तमःपटे ॥ ४ ॥

ayaṃ so'hamidaṃ kāryamidaṃ neti dadarśa ha ,
niśāvyapagame loko yathā kṣīṇe tamaḥpaṭe 4

4. ayam saḥ aham idam kāryam idam na iti dadarśa
ha niśāvyapagame lokaḥ yathā kṣīṇe tamaḥpaṭe

4. saḥ aham ayam idam kāryam idam na iti ha dadarśa
yathā niśāvyapagame tamaḥpaṭe kṣīṇe lokaḥ

4. He perceived, "This is I, this is what must be done, and this is what must not be done," just as people discern clearly at the departure of night when the veil of darkness has thinned away.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अहम् (aham) - I

• इदम् (idam) - this

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - to be done, a duty, an action

• इदम् (idam) - this

• न (na) - not, no

• इति (iti) - thus, in this way, marks a quotation

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he perceived

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

• निशाव्यपगमे (niśāvyapagame) - at the departure of night, when night has passed

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - a person, people, world

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - when diminished, thinned, destroyed

• तमःपटे (tamaḥpaṭe) - on the veil of darkness, when the veil of darkness

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, that

कार्यम् (kāryam) - to be done, a duty, an action

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, a duty, an action

Gerundive

derived from root kṛ with suffix -ya (ṇyat)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, that

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, in this way, marks a quotation

(indeclinable)

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

निशाव्यपगमे (niśāvyapagame) - at the departure of night, when night has passed

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of niśāvyapagama

niśāvyapagama - departure of night

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (niśā+vyapagama)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• vyapagama – departure, removal, passing away
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+apa
  Root: gam (class 1)

लोकः (lokaḥ) - a person, people, world

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, folk

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - when diminished, thinned, destroyed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇa

kṣīṇa - diminished, thinned, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'tamaḥpaṭe'.

तमःपटे (tamaḥpaṭe) - on the veil of darkness, when the veil of darkness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tamaḥpaṭa

tamaḥpaṭa - veil of darkness

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (tamas+paṭa)

• tamas – darkness
  noun (neuter)
• paṭa – cloth, curtain, veil
  noun (masculine)