योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-21

तं पप्रच्छातिथिं गाधिः प्रसङ्गपतितं वचः ।
किं ब्रह्मन्सुकृशाङ्गस्त्वं किमिति श्रमवानसि ॥ २१ ॥

taṃ papracchātithiṃ gādhiḥ prasaṅgapatitaṃ vacaḥ ,
kiṃ brahmansukṛśāṅgastvaṃ kimiti śramavānasi 21

21. tam papraccha atithim gādhiḥ prasaṅga-patitam vacaḥ
kim brahman su-kṛśa-aṅgaḥ tvam kim iti śramavān asi

21. gādhiḥ tam atithim prasaṅga-patitam vacaḥ papraccha
brahman tvam kim su-kṛśa-aṅgaḥ asi kim iti śramavān asi

21. Gādhi asked his guest a question (vacaḥ) that arose incidentally during their conversation: "O Brahmin, why are you so lean-bodied? Why are you so tired?"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the guest) (him, that)

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked (asked, enquired)

• अतिथिम् (atithim) - the guest (guest, stranger)

• गाधिः (gādhiḥ) - King Gādhi (Gādhi (a proper name))

• प्रसङ्ग-पतितम् (prasaṅga-patitam) - that arose incidentally during their conversation (fallen into context/discussion, incidentally arisen)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - a question (word, speech, saying)

• किम् (kim) - why? (what?, why?, whether?)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin! (O Brahmin!, O holy one!)

• सु-कृश-अङ्गः (su-kṛśa-aṅgaḥ) - so lean-bodied (having a very lean body)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• किम् (kim) - why? (what?, why?, whether?)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

• श्रमवान् (śramavān) - tired (tired, exhausted, laborious)

• असि (asi) - you are

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the guest) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: refers to the guest

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked (asked, enquired)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prach

perfect active 3rd singular

reduplicated perfect form

Root: prach (class 6)

अतिथिम् (atithim) - the guest (guest, stranger)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger

Note: direct object of papraccha

गाधिः (gādhiḥ) - King Gādhi (Gādhi (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gādhi

gādhi - Gādhi (name of a king, father of Viśvāmitra)

Note: subject of papraccha

प्रसङ्ग-पतितम् (prasaṅga-patitam) - that arose incidentally during their conversation (fallen into context/discussion, incidentally arisen)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prasaṅga-patita

prasaṅga-patita - fallen into occasion/context

Tatpurusha compound, past passive participle

Compound type : tatpurusha (prasaṅga+patita)

• prasaṅga – connection, occasion, context, discussion
  noun (masculine)
  from sañj (to cling) with pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sañj (class 1)
• patita – fallen, descended, occurred
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root pat (to fall) + kta suffix
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: qualifies vacaḥ

वचः (vacaḥ) - a question (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: direct object of papraccha

किम् (kim) - why? (what?, why?, whether?)

(indeclinable)

Note: interrogative adverb

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin! (O Brahmin!, O holy one!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, holy man, priest

Note: addressing the guest

सु-कृश-अङ्गः (su-kṛśa-aṅgaḥ) - so lean-bodied (having a very lean body)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of su-kṛśa-aṅga

su-kṛśa-aṅga - having a very lean body

Bahuvrihi compound with intensifier su

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+kṛśa+aṅga)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix for intensifier
• kṛśa – lean, thin, emaciated
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: kṛś
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

Note: qualifies tvam

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: subject of the implicit verb 'are'

किम् (kim) - why? (what?, why?, whether?)

(indeclinable)

Note: interrogative adverb

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Root: i (class 2)

Note: indicates the end of a quotation or specifies a manner

श्रमवान् (śramavān) - tired (tired, exhausted, laborious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śramavat

śramavat - having toil, tired, exhausted

from śrama (fatigue) + matup suffix (possessive)

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: qualifies tvam

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

present active 2nd singular

Root: as (class 2)