योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-46

महर्षे त्वं विनीताय राज्ञेऽस्मै वीतरागिणे ।
नस्वर्गमिच्छते तत्त्वं प्रबोधय महामुने ॥ ४६ ॥

maharṣe tvaṃ vinītāya rājñe'smai vītarāgiṇe ,
nasvargamicchate tattvaṃ prabodhaya mahāmune 46

46. maharṣe tvam vinītāya rājñe asmai vītarāgiṇe
na svargam icchate tattvam prabodhaya mahāmune

46. O great sage (maharṣi), O great sage (mahāmuni), you enlighten this humble king, who is devoid of attachment and does not desire heaven, with the ultimate truth (tattva).

46. הו מַהַרְשִׁי, הו חכם גדול, האר את האמת למלך הצנוע הזה, המשוחרר מתשוקות ואינו חפץ בְּסְוַרְגָה (ממלכות השמיים).

Words meanings summery:

• महर्षे (maharṣe) - O great sage Vālmīki (O great sage)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (the sage Vālmīki) (you)

• विनीताय (vinītāya) - to this humble king (to the humble, to the disciplined)

• राज्ञे (rājñe) - to this king (to the king)

• अस्मै (asmai) - to this (king) (to this (one))

• वीतरागिणे (vītarāgiṇe) - to the king who is devoid of attachment (to one who is devoid of attachment)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven (heaven, celestial realm)

• इच्छते (icchate) - (to the one) who does not desire (heaven) (desiring, wishing for)

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the ultimate truth (tattva) (truth, reality, essence)

• प्रबोधय (prabodhaya) - enlighten (the king) (enlighten, awaken, instruct)

• महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage Vālmīki (O great sage)

Words meanings and morphology

महर्षे (maharṣe) - O great sage Vālmīki (O great sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, great seer

Compound of 'mahā' (great) + 'ṛṣi' (sage).

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative address to Vālmīki.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (the sage Vālmīki) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of 'prabodhaya'.

विनीताय (vinītāya) - to this humble king (to the humble, to the disciplined)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of vinīta

vinīta - humble, modest, disciplined, well-behaved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'nī' (to lead) with prefix 'vi' (well) and suffix '-ta'.

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājñe'.

राज्ञे (rājñe) - to this king (to the king)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Recipient of the instruction.

अस्मै (asmai) - to this (king) (to this (one))

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'rājñe'.

वीतरागिणे (vītarāgiṇe) - to the king who is devoid of attachment (to one who is devoid of attachment)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of vītarāgin

vītarāgin - dispassionate, free from worldly desires/attachment (rāga)

Compound 'vīta' (gone, P.P.P. of 'vi-i') + 'rāga' (attachment) + 'in' (possessing). Bahuvrihi compound: 'one whose attachment is gone'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vīta+rāga)

• vīta – gone, disappeared
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)
• rāga – attachment, passion, color
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root rañj (to color, be attached).
  Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājñe'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'icchate'.

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven (heaven, celestial realm)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial abode

Note: Object of 'icchate'.

इच्छते (icchate) - (to the one) who does not desire (heaven) (desiring, wishing for)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - desiring, wishing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'iṣ' (to wish) with śatṛ suffix.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'rājñe'.

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the ultimate truth (tattva) (truth, reality, essence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, principle, essence (tattva)

Note: Direct object of 'prabodhaya'.

प्रबोधय (prabodhaya) - enlighten (the king) (enlighten, awaken, instruct)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of prabodhaya

Causal stem

Causal stem from root 'budh' (to awaken/know) with prefix 'pra' (forth/intensely).

Prefix: pra

Root: budh (class 1)

महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage Vālmīki (O great sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound of 'mahā' (great) + 'muni' (sage).

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative address to Vālmīki.

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