योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-48

मयागत्य पुनस्तत्र राजा वल्मीकजन्मने ।
निवेदितो महेन्द्रस्य राज्ञा मोक्षस्य साधनम् ॥ ४८ ॥

mayāgatya punastatra rājā valmīkajanmane ,
nivedito mahendrasya rājñā mokṣasya sādhanam 48

48. mayā āgatya punaḥ tatra rājā valmīkajanmane
niveditaḥ mahendrasya rājñā mokṣasya sādhanam

48. Having arrived there again, I reported to Vālmīki, the one born from an anthill, about the king (Rāma); and the means of liberation (mokṣa) from Mahendra was conveyed by King Mahendra (Indra).

Words meanings summery:

• मया (mayā) - by me (the messenger) (by me)

• आगत्य (āgatya) - having arrived (at Vālmīki's place) (having come, having arrived)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, moreover)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (at Vālmīki's hermitage) (there, in that place)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Rāma), to be instructed (king)

• वल्मीकजन्मने (valmīkajanmane) - to Vālmīki (to the one born from an anthill)

• निवेदितः (niveditaḥ) - (the king) was reported/presented (by me) (reported, conveyed, presented)

• महेन्द्रस्य (mahendrasya) - of Mahendra (Indra) (of Mahendra, of Indra)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Mahendra (Indra) (by the king)

• मोक्षस्य (mokṣasya) - of final liberation (mokṣa) (of liberation)

• साधनम् (sādhanam) - the means to (liberation) (means, instrument, accomplishment)

Words meanings and morphology

मया (mayā) - by me (the messenger) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Agent of the absolutive 'āgatya' and implied agent for reporting 'rājā'.

आगत्य (āgatya) - having arrived (at Vālmīki's place) (having come, having arrived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā' and suffix 'lyap'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, moreover)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there (at Vālmīki's hermitage) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' (that) + 'tra' (locative suffix).

राजा (rājā) - the king (Rāma), to be instructed (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Here, the nominative case functions as the object of reporting in a passive construction.

वल्मीकजन्मने (valmīkajanmane) - to Vālmīki (to the one born from an anthill)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of valmīkajanman

valmīkajanman - born from an anthill (epithet for Vālmīki)

Compound 'valmīka' (anthill) + 'janman' (birth/origin). Bahuvrihi compound: 'one whose birth is from an anthill'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (valmīka+janman)

• valmīka – anthill, termite mound
  noun (masculine)
• janman – birth, origin, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Recipient of the report.

निवेदितः (niveditaḥ) - (the king) was reported/presented (by me) (reported, conveyed, presented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivedita

nivedita - reported, conveyed, offered, presented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from causal stem of 'ni-vid' (to inform) with suffix '-ta'.

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'. An implied neuter participle 'niveditam' is understood for 'mokṣasya sādhanam'.

महेन्द्रस्य (mahendrasya) - of Mahendra (Indra) (of Mahendra, of Indra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahendra

mahendra - Great Indra (Mahendra)

Compound 'mahā' (great) + 'indra' (Indra).

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+indra)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Here in apposition to 'rājñā', forming the phrase 'by King Mahendra'.

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Mahendra (Indra) (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Agent of the implied 'niveditam' for 'mokṣasya sādhanam'. Refers to King Mahendra (Indra).

मोक्षस्य (mokṣasya) - of final liberation (mokṣa) (of liberation)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mokṣa

mokṣa - liberation, emancipation, release, freedom (mokṣa)

Derived from root 'muc' (to free).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'sādhanam'.

साधनम् (sādhanam) - the means to (liberation) (means, instrument, accomplishment)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sādhana

sādhana - means, instrument, accomplishment, proof

Derived from root 'sādh' (to accomplish).

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Here, the nominative case functions as the object of reporting in a passive construction, with an implied 'niveditam'.