योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-23

देवदूत उवाच ।
साधु पृष्टं त्वया सुभ्रु यथावत्कथयामि ते ।
अरिष्टनेमी राजर्षिर्दत्त्वा राज्यं सुताय वै ॥ २३ ॥

devadūta uvāca ,
sādhu pṛṣṭaṃ tvayā subhru yathāvatkathayāmi te ,
ariṣṭanemī rājarṣirdattvā rājyaṃ sutāya vai 23

23. devadūtaḥ uvāca sādhu pṛṣṭam tvayā subhru yathāvat
kathayāmi te ariṣṭanemī rājarṣiḥ dattvā rājyam sutāya vai

23. The divine messenger said: 'O beautiful-browed one, you have indeed asked well. I will tell you the matter accurately. The royal sage Ariṣṭanemi, having given the kingdom to his son—'

Words meanings summery:

• देवदूतः (devadūtaḥ) - the divine messenger

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• साधु (sādhu) - well, rightly, properly

• पृष्टम् (pṛṣṭam) - asked, questioned

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• सुभ्रु (subhru) - O beautiful-browed one

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - exactly, accurately, as it is

• कथयामि (kathayāmi) - I tell, I will tell

• ते (te) - to you

• अरिष्टनेमी (ariṣṭanemī) - Ariṣṭanemi (proper name)

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, kingly seer

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

• सुताय (sutāya) - to the son

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

Words meanings and morphology

देवदूतः (devadūtaḥ) - the divine messenger

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devadūta

devadūta - divine messenger, messenger of the gods

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+dūta)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• dūta – messenger, envoy
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

साधु (sādhu) - well, rightly, properly

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

पृष्टम् (pṛṣṭam) - asked, questioned

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √prach (to ask)

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Used in a passive construction with 'tvayā'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in passive construction.

सुभ्रु (subhru) - O beautiful-browed one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of subhru

subhru - beautiful-browed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+bhrū)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• bhrū – eyebrow
  noun (feminine)

Note: Vocative form, addressing Suruci.

यथावत् (yathāvat) - exactly, accurately, as it is

(indeclinable)

कथयामि (kathayāmi) - I tell, I will tell

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of kath

Present Active

Derived from root √kath of 10th class, or causal of √kath

Root: kath (class 10)

ते (te) - to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of dative singular for 'yuṣmad'.

अरिष्टनेमी (ariṣṭanemī) - Ariṣṭanemi (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ariṣṭanemi

ariṣṭanemi - Ariṣṭanemi (a royal sage)

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, kingly seer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

Note: Epithet for Ariṣṭanemi.

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from √dā (to give) + ktvā suffix

Root: dā (class 3)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty

Note: Object of 'dattvā'.

सुताय (sutāya) - to the son

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born

Past Passive Participle (originally)

Derived from √sū (to beget, give birth)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Recipient of the kingdom.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)