योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-14

कारुण्य उवाच ।
यावज्जीवमग्निहोत्रं नित्यं संध्यामुपासयेत् ।
प्रवृत्तिरूपो धर्मोऽयं श्रुत्या स्मृत्या च चोदितः ॥ १४ ॥

kāruṇya uvāca ,
yāvajjīvamagnihotraṃ nityaṃ saṃdhyāmupāsayet ,
pravṛttirūpo dharmo'yaṃ śrutyā smṛtyā ca coditaḥ 14

14. kāruṇyaḥ uvāca | yāvat-jīvam
agnihotram nityam sandhyām upāsayet
| pravṛtti-rūpaḥ dharmaḥ
ayam śrutyā smṛtyā ca coditaḥ ||

14. Karunya said: "One should perform the Agnihotra (yajña) throughout life and daily observe the Sandhya (twilight prayers). This active form of righteous conduct (dharma) is enjoined by the Vedic scriptures (Śruti) and traditional law books (Smṛti)."

Words meanings summery:

• कारुण्यः (kāruṇyaḥ) - Karunya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• यावत्-जीवम् (yāvat-jīvam) - throughout life, as long as one lives

• अग्निहोत्रम् (agnihotram) - The Vedic fire ritual (yajña) (Agnihotra (fire ritual))

• नित्यम् (nityam) - daily (always, constantly, daily)

• सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - The Sandhya (twilight prayers/ritual) (twilight, juncture, Sandhya ritual)

• उपासयेत् (upāsayet) - one should worship, one should perform, one should attend

• प्रवृत्ति-रूपः (pravṛtti-rūpaḥ) - of the nature of activity, active form

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteous conduct (dharma) (righteousness, duty, law, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• श्रुत्या (śrutyā) - by the Vedic scriptures (Śruti) (by Shruti, by hearing)

• स्मृत्या (smṛtyā) - by traditional law books (Smṛti) (by Smriti, by memory)

• च (ca) - and

• चोदितः (coditaḥ) - enjoined, commanded, impelled

Words meanings and morphology

कारुण्यः (kāruṇyaḥ) - Karunya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāruṇya

kāruṇya - Karunya (name), compassion, pity

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Irregular perfect formation of 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

यावत्-जीवम् (yāvat-jīvam) - throughout life, as long as one lives

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'yāvat' (as long as) and 'jīva' (life). Used adverbially.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yāvat+jīva)

• yāvat – as much as, as long as, until
  indeclinable
  Relative pronominal adverb
• jīva – life, living, existing
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'jīv' (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

अग्निहोत्रम् (agnihotram) - The Vedic fire ritual (yajña) (Agnihotra (fire ritual))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of agnihotra

agnihotra - Agnihotra (a daily Vedic fire ritual), oblation to fire

Compound of 'agni' (fire) and 'hotra' (oblation, sacrifice).

Compound type : tatpurusha (agni+hotra)

• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
• hotra – oblation, sacrifice, act of sacrificing
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'hu' (to offer, sacrifice)
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Object of 'upāsayet'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - daily (always, constantly, daily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage 'daily'.

सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - The Sandhya (twilight prayers/ritual) (twilight, juncture, Sandhya ritual)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sandhyā

sandhyā - twilight (morning, noon, evening), juncture, junction period, a religious observance performed at these times

From 'sam' + 'dhā' (to place together, join)

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'upāsayet'.

उपासयेत् (upāsayet) - one should worship, one should perform, one should attend

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of upās

Optative Mood

From root 'ās' (to sit) with prefix 'upā-'

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ās (class 2)

प्रवृत्ति-रूपः (pravṛtti-rūpaḥ) - of the nature of activity, active form

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravṛttirūpa

pravṛttirūpa - having the form of activity, active by nature

Compound of 'pravṛtti' (activity, engagement) and 'rūpa' (form, nature).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pravṛtti+rūpa)

• pravṛtti – activity, engagement, origination, inclination
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vṛt' (to turn) with prefix 'pra-'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• rūpa – form, shape, nature, characteristic
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective for 'dharmaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteous conduct (dharma) (righteousness, duty, law, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, religion, moral law

From root 'dhṛ' (to support, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'dharmaḥ'.

श्रुत्या (śrutyā) - by the Vedic scriptures (Śruti) (by Shruti, by hearing)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śruti

śruti - hearing, listening, what is heard, sacred knowledge (Vedas), tradition

From root 'śru' (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

स्मृत्या (smṛtyā) - by traditional law books (Smṛti) (by Smriti, by memory)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of smṛti

smṛti - memory, recollection, tradition, a class of sacred texts (law books, epics)

From root 'smṛ' (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects 'śrutyā' and 'smṛtyā'.

चोदितः (coditaḥ) - enjoined, commanded, impelled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of codita

codita - urged, enjoined, impelled, commanded

Past Passive Participle

From causal of root 'cud' (to impel, urge)

Root: cud (class 10)