योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-12

अग्निवेश्य उवाच ।
प्राह एतद्वचो निन्द्यं गुरुः पुत्रं हिताय च ।
किमेतत्पुत्र कुरुषे पालनं न स्वकर्मणः ॥ १२ ॥

agniveśya uvāca ,
prāha etadvaco nindyaṃ guruḥ putraṃ hitāya ca ,
kimetatputra kuruṣe pālanaṃ na svakarmaṇaḥ 12

12. agniveśya uvāca prāha etat vacaḥ nindyam guruḥ putram
hitāya ca kim etat putra kuruṣe pālanam na svakarmaṇaḥ

12. Agnivēśya said: The father (guru), for his son's welfare, then spoke these admonishing words: 'My son, what is this you are doing? Why do you not uphold your own duty (svakarma)?'

Words meanings summery:

• अग्निवेश्य (agniveśya) - Agnivēśya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• प्राह (prāha) - he spoke, he said

• एतत् (etat) - this

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• निन्द्यम् (nindyam) - admonishing, reproaching (words) (censurable, blameworthy)

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - the father (acting as teacher/preceptor) (guru) (teacher, preceptor, respected elder)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - to his son (son)

• हिताय (hitāya) - for the benefit, for the welfare

• च (ca) - and, also

• किम् (kim) - what is this? (what? why?)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• पुत्र (putra) - O son!

• कुरुषे (kuruṣe) - you do, you perform

• पालनम् (pālanam) - observance, protection, maintenance

• न (na) - not, no

• स्वकर्मणः (svakarmaṇaḥ) - of one's own duty (karma)

Words meanings and morphology

अग्निवेश्य (agniveśya) - Agnivēśya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agniveśya

agniveśya - Agnivēśya (a proper name, particularly of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

प्राह (prāha) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense (irregular formation) of root ah, with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

निन्द्यम् (nindyam) - admonishing, reproaching (words) (censurable, blameworthy)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nindya

nindya - censurable, blameworthy, to be reproached

Gerundive

Derived from root nind (to blame, censure) with suffix ya

Root: nind (class 1)

गुरुः (guruḥ) - the father (acting as teacher/preceptor) (guru) (teacher, preceptor, respected elder)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide (guru), weighty, important

पुत्रम् (putram) - to his son (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

हिताय (hitāya) - for the benefit, for the welfare

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, welfare, benefit

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā (to place, put) with prefix hi (which becomes hita in PPP)

Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what is this? (what? why?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

पुत्र (putra) - O son!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

कुरुषे (kuruṣe) - you do, you perform

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पालनम् (pālanam) - observance, protection, maintenance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pālana

pālana - protecting, cherishing, observing, maintaining

Action noun

Derived from root pāl (to protect, nourish)

Root: pāl (class 10)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्वकर्मणः (svakarmaṇaḥ) - of one's own duty (karma)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of svakarman

svakarman - one's own duty, one's own action (karma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+karman)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• karman – action, deed, work, duty (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)