योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-15

न धनेन भवेन्मोक्षः कर्मणा प्रजया न वा ।
त्यागमात्रेण किंत्वेके यतयोऽश्नन्ति चामृतम् ॥ १५ ॥

na dhanena bhavenmokṣaḥ karmaṇā prajayā na vā ,
tyāgamātreṇa kiṃtveke yatayo'śnanti cāmṛtam 15

15. na dhanena bhavet mokṣaḥ karmaṇā prajayā na vā |
tyāga-mātreṇa kintu eke yatayaḥ aśnanti ca amṛtam ||

15. Final liberation (mokṣa) is not achieved by wealth, nor by action (karma), nor by progeny. However, some ascetics (yati) attain immortality (amṛta) merely through renunciation.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• धनेन (dhanena) - by wealth, by riches

• भवेत् (bhavet) - is achieved, occurs (may there be, it might be, should be)

• मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - final liberation (mokṣa) (liberation, release)

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action, by deed)

• प्रजया (prajayā) - by progeny, by offspring

• न (na) - not, nor

• वा (vā) - or, either

• त्याग-मात्रेण (tyāga-mātreṇa) - merely by renunciation, by renunciation alone

• किन्तु (kintu) - but, however

• एके (eke) - some, certain ones

• यतयः (yatayaḥ) - ascetics (yati) (ascetics, renunciates, those who strive)

• अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they attain, they experience (they eat, they consume, they enjoy)

• च (ca) - and

• अमृतम् (amṛtam) - immortality (amṛta) (immortality, nectar, eternal bliss)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

धनेन (dhanena) - by wealth, by riches

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

Root: dhā (class 3)

भवेत् (bhavet) - is achieved, occurs (may there be, it might be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood

Root: bhū (class 1)

मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - final liberation (mokṣa) (liberation, release)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mokṣa

mokṣa - liberation, release, emancipation, salvation, freedom

From root 'muc' (to release) + suffix '-sa'

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Subject of 'bhavet'.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action, by deed)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, work

From root 'kṛ' (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रजया (prajayā) - by progeny, by offspring

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, people, creature

From root 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'pra-'

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Repetition of 'na' for emphasis, 'nor'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: In conjunction with 'na' meaning 'nor'.

त्याग-मात्रेण (tyāga-mātreṇa) - merely by renunciation, by renunciation alone

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tyāgamātra

tyāgamātra - mere renunciation, only renunciation

Compound of 'tyāga' (renunciation) and 'mātra' (mere, only).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tyāga+mātra)

• tyāga – renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'tyaj' (to abandon)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• mātra – mere, only, measure, quantity
  adjective (neuter)

किन्तु (kintu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunction, from 'kim' + 'tu'

एके (eke) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of eka

eka - one, single, certain, some

Note: Subject of 'aśnanti'.

यतयः (yatayaḥ) - ascetics (yati) (ascetics, renunciates, those who strive)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yati

yati - ascetic, renunciate, sage, one who has subdued senses, one who strives

From root 'yam' (to restrain)

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'eke'.

अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they attain, they experience (they eat, they consume, they enjoy)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of aś

Present Tense

3rd person plural active present tense of root 'aś' (class 9)

Root: aś (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

अमृतम् (amṛtam) - immortality (amṛta) (immortality, nectar, eternal bliss)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of amṛta

amṛta - immortal, immortality, nectar of immortality, eternal bliss

Negative prefix 'a-' + 'mṛta' (dead, mortal). Not dead, hence immortal.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mṛta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mṛta – dead, deceased
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'mṛ' (to die)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of 'aśnanti'.