योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-13

अकर्मनिरतः सिद्धिं कथं प्राप्स्यसि तद्वद ।
कर्मणोऽस्मान्निवृत्तेः किं कारणं तन्निवेद्यताम् ॥ १३ ॥

akarmanirataḥ siddhiṃ kathaṃ prāpsyasi tadvada ,
karmaṇo'smānnivṛtteḥ kiṃ kāraṇaṃ tannivedyatām 13

13. akarma-nirataḥ siddhim katham prāpsyasi tat vada |
karmaṇaḥ asmāt nivṛtteḥ kim kāraṇam tat nivedyatām ||

13. How will you attain spiritual perfection (siddhi) by being devoted to non-action? Please tell me that. What is the reason for withdrawal from this action (karma)? Let that be explained.

Words meanings summery:

• अकर्म-निरतः (akarma-nirataḥ) - devoted to non-action, inactive

• सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - spiritual perfection (siddhi) (perfection, success, spiritual attainment, accomplishment)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

• प्राप्स्यसि (prāpsyasi) - you will obtain, you will achieve

• तत् (tat) - that

• वद (vada) - speak, tell

• कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - from action (karma) (from action, of action)

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this (action) (from this)

• निवृत्तेः (nivṛtteḥ) - of withdrawal (of cessation, of abstention, of turning away)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

• तत् (tat) - that

• निवेद्यताम् (nivedyatām) - let it be declared, let it be explained

Words meanings and morphology

अकर्म-निरतः (akarma-nirataḥ) - devoted to non-action, inactive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akarmanirata

akarmanirata - devoted to inaction, taking delight in inaction

Compound of 'akarman' (non-action) and 'nirata' (devoted, engaged)

Compound type : tatpurusha (akarman+nirata)

• akarman – non-action, inaction, wrong action
  noun (neuter)
  Negative prefix 'a-' + 'karman' (action)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• nirata – engaged in, devoted to, delighted in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ram' (to delight, rest) with prefix 'ni-'
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ram (class 1)

सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - spiritual perfection (siddhi) (perfection, success, spiritual attainment, accomplishment)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of siddhi

siddhi - accomplishment, success, perfection, supernatural power, spiritual attainment

Derived from root 'sidh' (to accomplish)

Root: sidh (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb

प्राप्स्यसि (prāpsyasi) - you will obtain, you will achieve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of prāp

Future Tense

From root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'pra-'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'vada'.

वद (vada) - speak, tell

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative Mood

Root: vad (class 1)

कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - from action (karma) (from action, of action)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, work

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Governed by 'nivṛtteḥ' in the sense of 'withdrawal from'.

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this (action) (from this)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Modifies 'karmaṇaḥ'.

निवृत्तेः (nivṛtteḥ) - of withdrawal (of cessation, of abstention, of turning away)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of nivṛtti

nivṛtti - cessation, abstention, turning away, withdrawal, retirement

Derived from root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist) with prefix 'ni-'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

(interrogative pronoun)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix '-ana'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'kāraṇam', as the subject of 'nivedyatām'.

निवेद्यताम् (nivedyatām) - let it be declared, let it be explained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of nivedaya

Imperative Mood, Passive Voice

Causative of root 'vid' (to know) with prefix 'ni-'

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 6)