योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-27

देवदूत उवाच ।
शृणु भद्रे यथावृत्तं विस्तरेण वदामि ते ।
तस्मिन्राज्ञि वने तत्र तपश्चरति दुस्तरम् ॥ २७ ॥

devadūta uvāca ,
śṛṇu bhadre yathāvṛttaṃ vistareṇa vadāmi te ,
tasminrājñi vane tatra tapaścarati dustaram 27

27. devadūta uvāca śṛṇu bhadre yathāvṛttam vistareṇa vadāmi
te tasmin rājñi vane tatra tapaḥ carati dustaram

27. The divine messenger said: 'Listen, auspicious lady. I will tell you in detail exactly what happened. In that forest, there, the king is performing extremely difficult asceticism (tapas).'

Words meanings summery:

• देवदूत (devadūta) - divine messenger, envoy of the gods

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear (imperative)

• भद्रे (bhadre) - O auspicious lady (O auspicious one, O good lady)

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, exactly what occurred

• विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail, extensively

• वदामि (vadāmi) - I tell, I speak

• ते (te) - to you (to you, for you)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (specific) forest (in that (masculine/neuter locative singular))

• राज्ञि (rājñi) - in the case of the king (referring to the king who is *in* the forest) (in the king)

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• तपः (tapaḥ) - severe spiritual discipline (asceticism, penance, austerity (tapas))

• चरति (carati) - practices, performs (asceticism) (performs, practices, moves, wanders)

• दुस्तरम् (dustaram) - extremely difficult, severe (difficult to cross, difficult to accomplish, severe)

Words meanings and morphology

देवदूत (devadūta) - divine messenger, envoy of the gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devadūta

devadūta - divine messenger, envoy of the gods

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+dūta)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
• dūta – messenger, envoy
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  Derived from root dū (to go) with suffix -ta.
  Root: dū (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense (lit) of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

भद्रे (bhadre) - O auspicious lady (O auspicious one, O good lady)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - auspicious, fortunate, good, beautiful (feminine form of bhadra)

Note: Refers to the Apsara.

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, exactly what occurred

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayibhāva (yathā+vṛtta)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – happened, occurred; event, conduct
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛt.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying 'vadāmi'.

विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail, extensively

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vistara

vistara - extension, elaboration, detail, amplitude

From root stṛ with upasarga vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Used adverbially.

वदामि (vadāmi) - I tell, I speak

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

ते (te) - to you (to you, for you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Enclitic form of the dative singular 'tvayi' or genitive 'tava'.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (specific) forest (in that (masculine/neuter locative singular))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Adjective to 'rājñi' and 'vane'.

राज्ञि (rājñi) - in the case of the king (referring to the king who is *in* the forest) (in the king)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Grammatically agrees with 'tasmin' and 'vane'.

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

तपः (tapaḥ) - severe spiritual discipline (asceticism, penance, austerity (tapas))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, austerity, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: The practice of self-restraint and spiritual discipline (tapas).

चरति (carati) - practices, performs (asceticism) (performs, practices, moves, wanders)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

दुस्तरम् (dustaram) - extremely difficult, severe (difficult to cross, difficult to accomplish, severe)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dustara

dustara - difficult to cross, difficult to accomplish, hard to pass over, arduous

Compound of duḥ (difficult) and tara (from root tṛ 'to cross').

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dus+tara)

• dus – difficult, bad (prefix)
  indeclinable
• tara – crossing, traversing; that which crosses
  adjective (masculine)
  From root tṛ (to cross).
  Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.