योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-24

वीतरागः स धर्मात्मा निर्ययौ तपसे वनम् ।
तपश्चरत्यसौ राजा पर्वते गन्धमादने ॥ २४ ॥

vītarāgaḥ sa dharmātmā niryayau tapase vanam ,
tapaścaratyasau rājā parvate gandhamādane 24

24. vītarāgaḥ saḥ dharmātmā niryayau tapase vanam
tapaḥ carati asau rājā parvate gandhamādane

24. That righteous-souled (dharmātmā) king, free from all worldly attachments (vītarāga), departed for the forest to perform asceticism (tapas). He, that king, now practices penance (tapas) on the Gandhamādana mountain.

Words meanings summery:

• वीतरागः (vītarāgaḥ) - free from passion/attachment, dispassionate

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose soul is devoted to natural law (dharma)

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he departed, went out

• तपसे (tapase) - for penance, for asceticism

• वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, asceticism

• चरति (carati) - performs (asceticism) (he performs, practices, wanders)

• असौ (asau) - that (one, referring to the king)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• पर्वते (parvate) - on the mountain

• गन्धमादने (gandhamādane) - on Gandhamādana (a specific mountain)

Words meanings and morphology

वीतरागः (vītarāgaḥ) - free from passion/attachment, dispassionate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vītarāga

vītarāga - free from passion/attachment

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vīta+rāga)

• vīta – gone, vanished, free from
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √i (to go) with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)
• rāga – passion, attachment, desire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (the king).

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Ariṣṭanemi.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose soul is devoted to natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, one whose inner nature (ātman) is natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Epithet for the king.

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he departed, went out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of yā

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of √yā with prefix nir

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

तपसे (tapase) - for penance, for asceticism

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, asceticism, austerity

Note: Dative of purpose.

वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood

Note: Object of motion.

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, asceticism

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, asceticism, austerity

Note: Object of 'carati'.

चरति (carati) - performs (asceticism) (he performs, practices, wanders)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of car

Present Active

Root: car (class 1)

असौ (asau) - that (one, referring to the king)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the same king Ariṣṭanemi.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'carati'.

पर्वते (parvate) - on the mountain

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

Note: Place where penance is performed.

गन्धमादने (gandhamādane) - on Gandhamādana (a specific mountain)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gandhamādana

gandhamādana - Gandhamādana (name of a mythical mountain)

Note: Name of the mountain in locative case, modifying 'parvate'.

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