योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-51

भगवन्प्रष्टुमिच्छामि तदविघ्नेन मे वद ।
संसारबन्धदुःखार्तेः कथं मुञ्चामि तद्वद ॥ ५१ ॥

bhagavanpraṣṭumicchāmi tadavighnena me vada ,
saṃsārabandhaduḥkhārteḥ kathaṃ muñcāmi tadvada 51

51. bhagavan praṣṭum icchāmi tat avighnena me vada
saṃsārabandhaduḥkhārteḥ katham muñcāmi tat vada

51. "O Venerable one, I wish to ask something, so please tell me that without any hindrance. How can I be liberated from the suffering caused by the bondage of transmigration (saṃsāra)? Please tell me that."

Words meanings summery:

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O venerable one, O illustrious one

• प्रष्टुम् (praṣṭum) - to ask, to inquire

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• तत् (tat) - that

• अविघ्नेन (avighnena) - without obstruction, without hindrance

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• वद (vada) - tell, say

• संसारबन्धदुःखार्तेः (saṁsārabandhaduḥkhārteḥ) - from the suffering of the bondage of transmigration (saṃsāra)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• मुञ्चामि (muñcāmi) - I release, I free myself, I am freed

• तत् (tat) - that

• वद (vada) - tell, say

Words meanings and morphology

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O venerable one, O illustrious one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - glorious, divine, venerable, prosperous

Derived from root 'bhaj' with 'vatup' suffix.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

प्रष्टुम् (praṣṭum) - to ask, to inquire

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form (tumun affix) of the root 'prach'.

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Verb infinitive used as an indeclinable.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present tense, parasmaipada.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun.

अविघ्नेन (avighnena) - without obstruction, without hindrance

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avighna

avighna - without obstacle, unimpeded

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (not) + 'vighna' (obstacle).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vighna)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• vighna – obstacle, impediment, hindrance
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

First person pronoun.

वद (vada) - tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative tense, parasmaipada.

Root: vad (class 1)

संसारबन्धदुःखार्तेः (saṁsārabandhaduḥkhārteḥ) - from the suffering of the bondage of transmigration (saṃsāra)

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of saṃsārabandhaduḥkhārti

saṁsārabandhaduḥkhārti - the affliction/pain of suffering from the bondage of transmigration (saṃsāra)

Compound of 'saṃsāra' (transmigration) + 'bandha' (bondage) + 'duḥkha' (suffering) + 'ārti' (pain, affliction). Multiple layers of Tatpurusha compounds.

Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃsāra+bandha+duḥkha+ārti)

• saṃsāra – transmigration, cycle of birth and death, worldly existence
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• bandha – bondage, fetter, tie, imprisonment
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bandh (class 9)
• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārti – pain, suffering, affliction, distress
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ

Note: Expresses source or separation.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

मुञ्चामि (muñcāmi) - I release, I free myself, I am freed

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of muc

Present tense, parasmaipada.

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Used in the sense of 'I free myself' or 'I am liberated', taking an ablative object.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun.

वद (vada) - tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative tense, parasmaipada.

Root: vad (class 1)