मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-57, verse-39
चीनाश्चैव तुखाराश्च बहुला बाह्यतोनराः ।
आत्रेयाश्च भरद्वाजाः पुष्कलाश्च कशेरुकाः ॥३९॥
आत्रेयाश्च भरद्वाजाः पुष्कलाश्च कशेरुकाः ॥३९॥
39. cīnāścaiva tukhārāśca bahulā bāhyatonarāḥ .
ātreyāśca bharadvājāḥ puṣkalāśca kaśerukāḥ.
ātreyāśca bharadvājāḥ puṣkalāśca kaśerukāḥ.
39.
cīnāḥ ca eva tukhārāḥ ca bahulā bāhyataḥ narāḥ
ātreyāḥ ca bharadvājāḥ puṣkalāḥ ca kaśerukāḥ
ātreyāḥ ca bharadvājāḥ puṣkalāḥ ca kaśerukāḥ
39.
Also mentioned are the Chinas and the Tukharas, many of whom are people from outside. Then come the Atreyas, the Bharadvajas, the Pushkalas, and the Kasherukas.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चीनाः (cīnāḥ) - the Chinas (a people)
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, also
- तुखाराः (tukhārāḥ) - the Tukharas (a people)
- च (ca) - and, also
- बहुला (bahulā) - refers to the preceding tribes (Chinas, Tukharas) and the following 'people from outside' (many, numerous)
- बाह्यतः (bāhyataḥ) - indicating people who are foreign or from peripheral regions (from outside, external)
- नराः (narāḥ) - refers to the various groups of people listed (men, people)
- आत्रेयाः (ātreyāḥ) - the Atreyas (a people, descendants of Atri)
- च (ca) - and, also
- भरद्वाजाः (bharadvājāḥ) - the Bharadvajas (a people, descendants of Bharadvaja)
- पुष्कलाः (puṣkalāḥ) - the Pushkalas (a people)
- च (ca) - and, also
- कशेरुकाः (kaśerukāḥ) - the Kasherukas (a people)
Words meanings and morphology
चीनाः (cīnāḥ) - the Chinas (a people)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of cīna
cīna - China; a Chinese person or people
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, also
(indeclinable)
तुखाराः (tukhārāḥ) - the Tukharas (a people)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tukhāra
tukhāra - the Tokharians (an ancient people of Central Asia)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
बहुला (bahulā) - refers to the preceding tribes (Chinas, Tukharas) and the following 'people from outside' (many, numerous)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of bahula
bahula - much, many, abundant, numerous
Note: Agrees with 'narāḥ' (people).
बाह्यतः (bāhyataḥ) - indicating people who are foreign or from peripheral regions (from outside, external)
(indeclinable)
Tasil suffix (-tas) indicating 'from'
नराः (narāḥ) - refers to the various groups of people listed (men, people)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of nara
nara - man, person, human being
आत्रेयाः (ātreyāḥ) - the Atreyas (a people, descendants of Atri)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ātreya
ātreya - a descendant of Atri; a member of the Atreya clan/people
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
भरद्वाजाः (bharadvājāḥ) - the Bharadvajas (a people, descendants of Bharadvaja)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of bharadvāja
bharadvāja - a descendant of Bharadvāja; a member of the Bharadvāja clan/people
पुष्कलाः (puṣkalāḥ) - the Pushkalas (a people)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of puṣkala
puṣkala - the Pushkalas (a people); excellent, abundant
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
कशेरुकाः (kaśerukāḥ) - the Kasherukas (a people)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kaśeruka
kaśeruka - the Kasherukas (a people/tribe); a kind of plant (Scirpus kysoor)