मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-57, verse-16
तैः पीयन्ते सरित्श्रेष्ठा यास्ताः सम्यङ्निबोध मे ।
गङ्गा सरस्वती सिन्धुश्चन्द्रभागा तथापरा ॥१६॥
गङ्गा सरस्वती सिन्धुश्चन्द्रभागा तथापरा ॥१६॥
16. taiḥ pīyante saritśreṣṭhā yāstāḥ samyaṅnibodha me .
gaṅgā sarasvatī sindhuścandrabhāgā tathāparā.
gaṅgā sarasvatī sindhuścandrabhāgā tathāparā.
16.
taiḥ pīyante saritśreṣṭhāḥ yāḥ tāḥ samyak nibodha
me gaṅgā sarasvatī sindhuḥ candrabhāgā tathā aparā
me gaṅgā sarasvatī sindhuḥ candrabhāgā tathā aparā
16.
The finest of rivers are drunk by them. Understand from me precisely which ones they are: Gaṅgā, Sarasvatī, Sindhu, Candrabhāgā, and another.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तैः (taiḥ) - by those (Mlecchas and Āryas) (by them (masculine/neuter plural))
- पीयन्ते (pīyante) - (the rivers) are drunk (from) (they are drunk, they drink)
- सरित्श्रेष्ठाः (saritśreṣṭhāḥ) - the finest rivers (best of rivers, finest rivers)
- याः (yāḥ) - which (rivers) (which, what (feminine plural))
- ताः (tāḥ) - those (rivers) (those (feminine plural))
- सम्यक् (samyak) - precisely, well (properly, correctly, completely)
- निबोध (nibodha) - understand (understand, know)
- मे (me) - from me (by me, from me, to me, for me)
- गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Gaṅgā (name of a river)
- सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sarasvatī (name of a river)
- सिन्धुः (sindhuḥ) - Sindhu (name of a river)
- चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā) - Candrabhāgā (name of a river)
- तथा (tathā) - and (thus, in that manner, and, also)
- अपरा (aparā) - another (river) (other, another (feminine singular))
Words meanings and morphology
तैः (taiḥ) - by those (Mlecchas and Āryas) (by them (masculine/neuter plural))
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Refers to the Mlecchas and Āryas mentioned in the previous verse.
पीयन्ते (pīyante) - (the rivers) are drunk (from) (they are drunk, they drink)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of pā
Present Passive
3rd person plural, present tense, passive voice
Root: pā (class 1)
Note: The passive voice implies "they are drunk (by the people)".
सरित्श्रेष्ठाः (saritśreṣṭhāḥ) - the finest rivers (best of rivers, finest rivers)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of saritśreṣṭha
saritśreṣṭha - best of rivers
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarit+śreṣṭha)
- sarit – river, stream
noun (feminine) - śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
adjective (masculine)
superlative of praśasya (excellent)
Note: The compound is grammatically feminine plural, agreeing with "pīyante".
याः (yāḥ) - which (rivers) (which, what (feminine plural))
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of yad
yad - which, what
Note: Connects to "tāḥ".
ताः (tāḥ) - those (rivers) (those (feminine plural))
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Refers to the rivers.
सम्यक् (samyak) - precisely, well (properly, correctly, completely)
(indeclinable)
Note: Modifies "nibodha".
निबोध (nibodha) - understand (understand, know)
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of nibudh
Imperative
2nd person singular, imperative mood, active voice (from ni- + budh)
Prefix: ni
Root: budh (class 1)
मे (me) - from me (by me, from me, to me, for me)
(pronoun)
singular of asmad
asmad - I, we
Note: Here, it implies "from me" or "to me" in the sense of 'listen to me'.
गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Gaṅgā (name of a river)
(proper noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā
gaṅgā - the river Gaṅgā (Ganges)
सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sarasvatī (name of a river)
(proper noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of sarasvatī
sarasvatī - the river Sarasvatī; goddess of wisdom
सिन्धुः (sindhuḥ) - Sindhu (name of a river)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sindhu
sindhu - river, ocean; the river Sindhu (Indus)
चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā) - Candrabhāgā (name of a river)
(proper noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of candrabhāgā
candrabhāgā - the river Candrabhāgā (Chenab), lit. 'having a part of the moon'
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (candra+bhāgā)
- candra – moon
noun (masculine) - bhāgā – share, portion, part
noun (feminine)
तथा (tathā) - and (thus, in that manner, and, also)
(indeclinable)
अपरा (aparā) - another (river) (other, another (feminine singular))
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of apara
apara - other, another, subsequent
Note: Refers to "another (river)".